全国大部降水偏少 东北华南旱情持续

10月份，全国平均气温比常年同期偏高，平均降水量比常年同期偏少。本月西北地区东南部和黄淮等地出现大范围秋雨天气，陕西、湖北遭受严重洪涝灾害；台风龙王在我国登陆，给福建省造成严重损失；内蒙古、黑龙江和南方的部分地区旱情持续或发展；江苏、江西、京津等地出现大雾，给交通造成较大影响。     

北方出现5次沙尘天气过程 华北、西北旱情持续或发展

3月，全国平均气温比常年同期偏高，平均降水量比常年同期偏少。月内，我国北方地区出现了5次沙尘天气过程，9—12日出现了今年以来最强的一次强沙尘暴天气过程；华北、黄淮、西北地区东部及内蒙古东南部、云南干旱持续或发展；中旬，强冷空气影响我国大部地区，江西、贵州等地的部分农作物遭受冻害。     

Hydrogeochemical processes of thallium in a rural area of Southwest Guizhou, China

The water system in a rural area of Lanmuchang in Southwest Guizhou is facing a risk of thallium (Tl) contamination due to Tl mineralization around the area. The major trace elements and Tl in the water system are studied to understand the hydrogeochemical processes of Tl constrained by Tl mineralization. The results showed that the dispersion pattern of Tl follows a descending order in concentration from mine groundwater (deep groundwater) →stream water→shallow groundwater→background water, reflecting the impact of Tl mineralization on the hydrogeochemical composition. Tl concentrations in stream water in both regimes are remarkably higher (2-30 fold) downstream than up- and mid-streams, probably caused by the unidentified discharge of deep groundwater. Low Tl levels are detected in the current drinking water, however, the highly elevated Tl in stream water and ground water may pose a potential environmental risk through daily washing and agricultural irrigation. This study suggests that human activities, such as agricultural irrigation, could intensify the environmental risk of Tl.     

Mineral Geochemical Compositions of Tourmalines and Their Significance in the Gejiu Tin Polymetallic Deposits, Yunnan, China

Abstract: The Gejiu tin polymetallic deposits are located in the southeastern part of Yunnan Province in China. A detailed electronic microprobe study has been carried out to document geochemical compositions of tourmalines from the deposits. The results indicate a systematic change of mineral geochemical compositions, which might be used as a mineral geochemical tracer for post-magmatic hydrothermal fluid, basin fluid and their mixture. The tourmalines from granite are schorl with Fe/(Fe+Mg) ratios of 0.912-1.00 and Na/(Na+Ca) ratios of 0.892-0.981. Tourmalines as an inclusion in quartz from the ore bodies are dravite with Fe/(Fe+Mg) ratios of 0.212-0.519 and Na/ (Na+Ca) ratios of 0.786-0.997. Tourmalines from the country rocks are dravite with Fe/(Fe+Mg) ratios of 0.313-0.337 and Na/(Na+Ca) ratio of 0.599-0.723. Tourmalines from cassiterite-tourmaline veins that occur in crannies within the country rocks show distinct optical zoning with alternate occurrence of dravite and schorl, Fe/(Fe+Mg)=0.374-0.843, Na/(Na+Ca)=0.538-0.987. It suggests that schorl in granite and dravite in carbonatite are related to magmatic fluid and basin fluid respectively. When magmatic fluid rose up and entered into crannies of the country rocks, consisting mainly of carbonatite, basin fluid would be constantly added to the magmatic fluid. The two types of fluid were mixed in structural crannies of the sedimentary basin accompanied with periodic geochemical oscillations to form material records in chemical composition zonings of tourmalines.     

林波波河观“大津巴布韦遗址”的古风古韵

林波波河系非洲东南部河流,因在当地的土著语言中,“林波波”意为“鳄”,又由于河中鳄鱼很多,因而又叫“鳄鱼河”。林波波河发源于约翰内斯堡附近的高地,向北流至南非与博茨瓦纳边界后向东北流,     

Mineral characteristics and their geological significance of black shales in southeastern Ordos Basin by X-ray diffraction analysis

X-ray diffraction analysis of black shale of Upper Triassic Member Chang 7 of the Yanchang Formation in southeastern Ordos Basin showed that black shales were deposited in brackish, strongly reducing, semi-deep-deep lacustrine facies, and mainly composed of quartz, feldspar, carbonate （dolomite）, clay minerals （illite and il- lite/smectite） and a certain amount of pyrite. The mineral composition characteristics of this set of black shales are similar to those of highly productive shale gas in North America, for example shallow burial, low clay mineral and abundant brittle mineral, so the strata are conducive to the development of cracks and fractures. Thus, this area is favorable for shale oil/gas exploration and development.     

密织全民“防灾网”——甘肃省舟曲县地质灾害防治工作纪实

舟曲县位于甘肃省南部,甘南藏族自治州东南部,东邻陇南市,北接宕昌县,西南与迭部县、文县和四川省九寨沟县相接壤。     

日照市东南部地区榴辉岩矿矿石加工技术性能及选矿工艺研究

日照市东南部岚山安东卫、虎山地区位于苏鲁榴辉岩带南西段的中部,区域内赋存大型榴辉岩矿体,榴辉岩资源较丰富。榴辉岩含有的石榴子石、绿辉石、金红石都是应用很广的矿物,但榴辉岩的选矿工艺比较复杂,特别是其中金红石的选矿分离一直难以解决。该文就日照东南部地区的榴辉岩矿石的加工技术性能及选矿工艺进行了试验和探讨研究,为今后该区榴辉岩矿的开发利用打下了一定基础。     

英阿马尔维纳斯群岛石油之争

2月22日，里约集团首脑会议暨拉美和加勒比联盟峰会在墨西哥东南部城市坎昆开幕。阿根廷总统克里斯蒂娜当天在会上发表讲话，谴责英国忽视国际法、允许英国公司在马尔维纳斯群岛（英国称福克兰群岛）附近进行石油开采。据估计，如果马岛海域的石油资源得到充分开发，在未来25年中，英国政府在本国能源供应方面，将高枕无忧。     

青藏高原东南部海洋型冰川物质平衡研究进展北大核心CSCD

青藏东南部海洋型冰川具有独特的气候敏感性,普遍呈现加速退缩趋势,这不仅影响区域水资源安全,而且伴生了相应的冰川灾害,是当前青藏高原冰冻圈变化研究的热点区域之一。本文对海洋型冰川物质平衡时空变化特征进行了综述,2000年以来冰川总体处于物质亏损状态,其平均物质平衡介于-0.66~-0.61m w.e.·a^(-1)之间;同时总结了海洋型冰川物质加速变化的驱动因素以及新特征。当前海洋型冰川物质平衡变化研究受观测数据缺乏和模型模拟不确定性等问题限制,尤其现有模型对冰面裂隙增多与扩张、冰崖-冰面湖-表碛相互作用、冰内冰下过程、冰崩、末端冰湖水-冰相互作用等过程的描述过于简化或基本缺失,其机理及影响仍存在较大的不确定性。未来需加强海洋型冰川物质平衡的综合监测,基于多数据和多方法的集成研究提高模型对冰川物质平衡多物理过程的耦合与模拟能力,为开展海洋型冰川物质变化的区域水资源效应和致灾效应研究奠定基础。