Geochemistry and Petrology of Emeishan Basalts and Subcontinental Mantle Evolution in Southwestern China

Three major volcanic rock sequences in the P2β formation(Emeishan basalts)were sampled dur-ing a comprehensive study of the Late Permian volcanics associated with the Panxi paleorift in southwestern China .Two of the three sections-Emei and Tangfang are composed of continental flood basalts(CFB) while the third-Ertan is an alkalic center.Multi-element chemical analyses indi-cate a predominance of low MgO transitional quartz tholeiites at Emei and Tangfang,whereas the Ertan suite ranges from high-MgO alkaline olivine basalts to rhombic porphyry trachytes and quartz-bearing aegerine-augite syenites.Consanguineity of the rocks from the three sections is sug-gested by consistently high TiO2 ,K2O,incompatible trace elements and uniformly fractionated REE patterns typical of alkalic compositions,but antypical of CFB.Sr isotope data for ten Emei basalt samples(^87Sr/^86Sr=0.7066-0.7082)which show no correla-tion with Rb/Sr ratios (0.02-0.12) and Nd isotopes for two of the samples(^143Nd/^144Nd=0.51171-0.51174)are interpreted as being related to the mantle evolution.The primary magmas re-sponsible for all the three sequences have been modeled in terms of a uniformly metasomatized man-tle source.Trace element models support the derivation of the Emei and Tangfang primary magmas from 10-15 percent partial melting of spinel lherzolite,followed by fractional crystallization of olivive and clinopyroxene.The primary alkaline olivine basalts at Ertan are generated by 7-10 percent par-tial melting of a chemically equivalent source in the garnet-peridodite stability region.The assumed mantle composition is characterixzed by Rb=3.8-5.5 ppm,Sr=62-83ppm,Ba=45-64 ppm,La=3.8-5.6ppm,and Yb=0.46-0.57ppm.The proposed mechanism of regional mantle enrichment requires metasomatic stabilization of phlogopite which becomes depleted later during par-tial melting.Such enrichment is consistent with the models proposed for alkalic systems in which a large mantle diaper acts as the agent for upward enrichment as well as uplift and extension of the crust.     

中国东南地区热带气旋大风及其伴随天气的统计特征

利用2010～2016年中国地面站重要天气报文、中国气象局（CMA）热带气旋最佳路径数据集以及地面站逐小时降水资料，对热带气旋（TC）影响下我国东南地区地面大风及其伴随天气特征进行统计分析，结果表明：（1）该区域TC大风主要沿海岸线分布，至内陆频次递减；TC大风多以东北风向为主，登陆前大风站点居多，12级以上的强风速基本分布在距TC中心300 km范围内。（2）强热带风暴（STS）和台风（TY）强度TC引起的站点大风最多，但16级以上大风主要出现在强台风（STY）和超强台风（Super TY）强度等级。慢速TC引起的站点大风主要出现其移向右前侧，快速主要出现在其右后侧。TC大风中向岸风均值略大于离岸风，其中12级以上风速向岸风站点多于离岸风，但16级以上大风则是离岸风站点明显多于向岸风。（3）约89.8%的TC大风伴随降水，分布于TC中心附近，东北风为主，峰值出现在8月。约10.2%的TC大风无降水，主要分布在TC外围，北风和东南风为主，风速较弱，多出现于5月和12月。12级以上TC大风几乎均伴随着降水，而无降水TC大风风速达12级以上样本很少。（4）约23.8%的TC大风伴随强对流天...     

InVEST模型的藏东南地区1990—2020年碳储量时空格局及演化研究

针对多维度土地利用变化对生态系统碳储量的影响关系，该文基于1990—2020年藏东南地区土地利用数据，利用InVEST模型估算藏东南地区碳储量及其空间分布特征，并分析土地利用变化对碳储量变化的影响。结果表明，藏东南地区土地利用类型以草地(占比46%)和林地(占比37%)为主；近30年藏东南地区碳储量整体呈现波动增加趋势，共增加1.39%,林地、草地和永久冰川及积雪土地利用类型的转化是藏东南地区碳储量时空演变的主要贡献者。林地增加是碳储量增加的主要原因，藏东南地区适宜林地生长的区位为中海拔缓坡中坡且地形位指数在0.02～1.25区域。此研究可为提升区域碳汇能力，进行合理生态修复提供参考。