东北地区水稻扩张的海拔优势区间分析

及时掌握水稻的时空分布信息,对调整和优化农业生产结构至关重要。论文利用综合考虑植被物候和地表水变化的水稻自动制图方法,结合海拔、地表水体因素开展2001—2017年东北地区水稻分布的时空演变研究。通过889个地面调研点位对水稻分类结果验证,总体精度达90.66%,Kappa系数为0.8128。研究表明:① 21世纪初,东北地区水稻种植面积呈先略减后持续增加的趋势,2017年水稻种植面积达2001年的2.13倍。其中,水稻扩张面积的60%分布在三江平原,30%分布在松嫩平原,下辽河平原仅占不足5%。水稻扩张的海拔优势区间在200 m范围内,随着海拔的上升水稻扩张与地表水关系越来越密切。② 三江平原内,水稻扩张幅度在海拔30~70 m范围内逐渐增加,使优势区间从相对高度70 m缩减至40 m内,也使得分布优势逐渐趋向于距地表水体较远的区域。而松嫩平原和下辽河平原水稻种植分布的海拔优势区间始终分别保持在相对高度100 m、40 m内。③ 三江平原水稻的集中分布和急剧扩张,使水稻分布优势逐渐趋向于距地表水体远的区域,这将对地下水带来更大的压力;而松嫩平原水稻分布受地表水体影响较大,分布优势随着距地表水体距离的增加而减小。研究可为农业部门评估水资源承载力、保障农业可持续发展提供数据支撑及理论参考。     

东北地区湿地的特点及形成与演替机制

东北地区湿地类型众多.通过分析解剖东北地区湿地的形成与演替机制,揭示了湿地的形成与演替过程中同时承受着自然与人为两种不同性质驱动力的影响,指出人类活动外在驱动力在较小的时空尺度下起着主导作用,如不加以正确引导而盲目开发,势必将导致湿地环境的恶化.     

中国东北地区地缘关系演化过程及区域效应

梳理相关文献,深入分析探讨20世纪以来东北地区地缘关系的演化过程,刻画地缘关系变化对区域发展的影响。研究发现:20世纪10~40年代,东北地区地缘关系呈现“半畸形”开放的状态,整个地区长期处于军阀战乱与日本侵略阶段;这一时期,东北地区迎来移民高峰,农业经济、民族工业快速发展,但同时境内日本经济肆意扩张,大量资源与财富被掠夺。新中国成立以来,地缘关系由50、60年代的依赖型转向80年代以后的多元和平发展;受其及政策等其他因素影响,地区内工业由蓬勃发展到缓慢波动前行。如今,东北地区地缘政治关系仍十分复杂,但地缘经济合作前景开阔;未来应大力推动东北亚国家及次区域间安全与经济合作,同时提高东北地区内生发展动力及对外开放水平。     

东北三省城乡收入差距空间格局及其分异机制研究

借助多元逐步线性回归、GWR等模型方法,探讨1990年以来东北三省城乡收入差距空间格局、类型特征及其分异机制,最后提出城乡统筹可持续发展建议。结果表明： 1990年以来,东北三省城乡居民收入水平大幅提高,但大部分地区城镇居民可支配收入水平仍低于全国平均水平;城乡收入差距整体有所拉大,呈现出“中间高、两端低”的空间特征。 城乡收入差距空间分布格局受经济发展水平、工业拉动效应、服务业带动力和交通通达程度影响,其中经济发展水平对城乡收入差距由早期的正向拉大作用为主,逐步演变为负向抑制效应。 据此提出对策建议：深化改革开放,加快国有企业改革步伐,优化区域产业结构,提高服务业发展水平和比重,激发市场活力,破解制约区域经济发展的各种障碍;加快实施乡村振兴战略,促进乡村资源开发,开辟致富增收新路径。     

Landscape Dynamics and Driving Factors in Da＇an County of Jilin Province in Northeast China During 1956-2000

The landscape pattern of Da＇an County, Northeast China has undergone significant changes since the 1950s as a result of climatic change and human activities. The aim of this paper is to quantitatively study landscape pattern and its spatial dynamics of Da＇an County at the landscape level over the nearly 50-year span. Patch dynamics were examined according to land use and land cover change processes built from a series of images, as well as topographic maps, and temporal patterns built from landscape pattern metrics. The transition matrix of landscape patch types and changes of various landscape metrics were applied. The results showed that, from 1956 to 2000, the landscape within the study area had undertaken a complicated evolution in landscape structure and composition. The outstanding characteristic is that saline-alkali land increased and grassland decreased. As some smaller patches amalgamated, the heterogeneity of patch decreased. All those changes were the synthetic result of both climatic and anthropogenic influences, but the predominant factor was different in different parts. In the southern part of the study area, the landscape pattern changes resulted from the modification of climate obviously, while in the northern part, the landscape pattern changes were mainly caused by human activities, such as the conversion between farmland and saline-alkali land. This phenomenon showed that human activities played more important role in the north than in the south of Da＇an County.     

Sensitivity of penman-monteith reference crop evapotranspiration in Tao’er River Basin of northeastern China

A non-dimensional relative sensitivity coefficient was employed to predict the responses of reference crop evapotranspiration （ET0） to perturbation of four climate variables in Tao＇er River Basin of the northeastern China. Mean monthly ET0 and yearly ET0 from 1961 to 2005 were estimated with the FAO-56 Penman-Monteith Equation. A 45-year historical dataset of average monthly maximum/minimum air temperature, mean air temperature, wind speed, sunshine hours and relative humidity from 15 meteorological stations was used in the analysis. Results show that： 1） Sensitivity coefficients of wind speed, air temperature and sunshine hours were positive except for those of air temperature of Arxan Meteorological Station, while those of relative humidity were all negative. Relative humidity was the most sensitive variable in general for the Tao＇er River Basin, followed by sunshine hours, wind speed and air temperature. 2） Similar to climate variable, monthly sensitivity coefficients exhibit large annual fluctuations. 3） Sensitivity coefficients for four climate variables all showed significant trends in seasonal/yearly series. Also, sensitivity coefficients of air temperature, sunshine hours and wind speed all showed significant trends in spring. 4） Among all sensitivity coefficients, the average yearly sensitivity coefficient of relative humidity was highest throughout the basin and showed largest spatial variability. Longitudinal distribution of sensitivity coefficients for air temperature, relative humidity and sunshine hours was also found, which was similar to the distribution of the three climate variables.     

收缩情境下城市用地结构时空格局演变及动力机制——以中国东北地区为例

构建城市用地结构时空格局演变分析框架,引入信息熵和偏移份额模型定量剖析2000-2017年中国东北地区城市用地结构时空格局演变特征,通过计量经济模型分阶段对比分析收缩情境下东北地区城市用地结构演变的动力机制.结果表明:东北地区城市用地总面积持续增长,用地结构信息熵整体呈现先上升、后下降的趋势.2011年以后,城市用地结...     

中国北方地区石炭纪岩相古地理

中国北方地区包括西北地区、华北地区和东北地区。该地区石炭系划分为上、下统,在西北地区、东北地区石炭系发育完整,华北地区普遍缺失下石炭统。87个标准剖面和529个辅助剖面的岩相古地理研究表明：早石炭世中国北方地区主要存在佳木斯古陆、额尔古纳古陆、中朝古陆、东塔里木─敦煌─中祁连─阿拉善古陆、陇西古陆、准噶尔─吐哈古陆、阿勒泰古陆等;从东至西主要发育松辽海盆、辽东海湾、北山海盆、祁连海、柴达木台地、宗务隆山海槽、塔里木台地、西昆仑海盆、南天山海盆、北天山─准噶尔海盆等海相沉积。晚石炭世海侵范围扩大,佳木斯古陆、额尔古纳古陆仍然存在,中朝古陆已明显缩小至其北部地区,东塔里木-敦煌-阿拉善古陆范围缩小,陇西古陆向西延伸扩大,北准噶尔─阿勒泰连为一体形成古陆;发育松辽海盆、华北海、祁连海、柴达木台地、宗务隆山海槽、塔里木海盆、南准噶尔-博格达山海盆等海相沉积。     

Sr,Nd,Pb Isotope Geochemistry and Magma Evolution of the Potassic Volcanic Rocks,Wudalianchi,Northeast China

Wudalianchi volcanic rocks are the most typical Cenozoic potassic volcanic rocks in easten China.Compositional comparisons between whole rocks and glasses of various occurrences indicate that the magma tends to become rich in silica and alkalis as a result of crystal differentiation in the course of evolu-tion.They are unique in isotopic composition with more radiogenic Sr but less radiogenic Pb.^87Sr/^86Sr is higher and ^143Nd/^144Nd is lower than the undifferentiated global values.In comparison to continental pot-ash volcanic rocks,Pb isotopes are apparently lower.These various threads of evidence indicate that the rocks were derived from a primary enriched mantle which had not been subjected to reworking and shows no sign of incorporation of crustal material.The correlation between Pb and Sr suggests the regional heterogeneity in the upper mantle in terms of chemical composition.