BDS-2和BDS-3系统间伪距分层及其技术对策

BDS-2和BDS-3卫星不仅存在与其他导航系统一样的星间伪距偏差问题,还存在两个系统之间的分米级伪距分层现象。为了最大限度降低伪距分层影响,本文选用两台环路参数可配置的接收机进行试验分析,分析了接收机环路参数设计与伪距分层的影响关系。结果表明,当接收机选择0.3 chip及以上的相关器码间距来跟踪B1I信号时,能使BDS-2和BDS-3之间B1I信号的伪距分层由分米级降低到厘米级;对于B3I信号而言,则需要采用0.6 chip及以下的相关器码间距来进行跟踪。根据本文研究可知,通过配置合理的接收机相关器码间距值跟踪B1I/B3I信号,可以使BDS-2和BDS-3之间的伪距分层现象得到明显改善,同时也能提高接收机定位精度的一致性。本文研究对推进北斗导航接收机和芯片的发展与完善具有参考意义。     

地热学岩石圈厚度计算方法综述

地热学岩石圈厚度体现了长时间尺度上的岩石圈热学作用,可以反映地球深部动力学过程。介绍了地热学岩石圈厚度的计算方法,探讨了这种方法的参数选取和影响因素,并对比了地热学岩石圈厚度与其他类型岩石圈厚度的差异及其原因。结果表明:地热学岩石圈厚度的计算结果受地壳分层结构、岩石生热率、岩石热导率以及地表热流的影响;地质历史时期内的地壳分层结构要结合岩石学、岩石地球化学等领域最新研究成果得出;地表热流较低(42mW·m-2)时,岩石圈地幔生热率对计算结果的影响非常显著,岩石圈地幔生热率变化0.02μW·m-3,地热学岩石圈厚度计算结果最高变化40km,岩石圈地幔热导率每变化0.2W·(m·K)-1,地热学岩石圈厚度变化15km;地表热流为60mW·m-2时,岩石圈地幔生热率每变化0.02μW·m-3,地热学岩石圈厚度变化3km,岩石圈地幔热导率每变化0.2W·(m·K)-1,地热学岩石圈厚度变化5km;地表热流增高1mW·m-2,地热学岩石圈厚度约增加3km;地热学岩石圈厚度与岩石学、地震学岩石圈厚度略有差异,其差异取决于流变边界层的厚度。     

地理课堂分层教学的实践

分层教学的原则是在完成新课程标准任务的前提下,对学生个体要求有所不同,使学生心理平衡,形成一个团结向上的集体。 一、学生分层 ＂不放弃每一个学生＂＂为了每一位学生的发展＂是每一位教师的职责。每个学生都有待挖掘的地方,都有其各异的潜力,教师要正视学生之间的差异性。     

高中人文地理核心内容分层原则与实施策略

高中人文地理具有社会性、区域性及综合性特征,其案例素材具有较高的可读性,很多内容适合自学。因此研究人文地理核心内容分层原则以及教学策略,才能有效引导学生自主学习,进而提高学生人文素养。     

一种基于相对梯度法的海水温度分层模型

提出了一种以海表面温度为输入参数的海水温度分层模型。以2005—2012年的Argo气候态数据集与Argo浮标数据为基础,采用相对梯度法对海水温度垂向结构进行了分层,并据此获取了各层拟合方程所需的参数,包括:混合层深度、混合层梯度、温跃层上界深度、温跃层下界深度、深层大洋起始深度以及方程拟合系数。本文通过世界大洋数据库09版的CTD、XBT实测剖面数据对模型进行了检验。检验结果表明,该模型可以有效地对海水温度结构进行模拟,特别是400m以上的中上层大洋。模拟结果的总体均方根差(RMSE)为0.778℃,而在水深400m以上的中上层区域误差为0.494℃。     

Layered farming for Marsupenaeus japonicus Bate

Marsupenaeusjaponicus Bate is one of the most valuable cultured shrimp species in China and outdoor earthen pond farming is the most common method of culturing this organism. The need to increase soil usage efficiency in aquaculture has been recognized and a great deal of research effort has been directed toward development of super-intensive farming systems. However, current research and development in this field is largely devoted to Litopenaeus vannamei Boone, while to M.japonicus Bate it has been neglected. In this study, a layered fanning system was designed and a 66-day study was conducted in M.japonicus Bate culture. The system comprised bracket and sand layers that divided a shrimp tank filled to a depth of 1.2 m into four water layers. Conventional tank culture （unlayered） was used as a control. The results show that survival rate, feed conversion efficiency and production of M.japonicus Bate in the layered farming system were 68%, 18%, and 0.59 kg/m^2, respectively, all of which are significantly higher than in the unlayered fanning system （P〈0.01）. These findings confirmed the possibility of using a layered system to culture M. japonicus Bate.     

Energetics of lateral eddy diffusion/advection：Part Ⅱ. Numerical diffusion/diffusivity and gravitational potential energy change due to isopycnal diffusion

Study of oceanic circulation and climate requires models which can simulate tracer eddy diffusion and ad vection accurately. It is shown that the traditional Eulerian coordinates can introduce large artificial hori zontal diffusivity/viscosity due to the incorrect alignment of the axis. Therefore, such models can smear sharp fronts and introduce other numerical artifacts. For simulation with relatively low resolution, large lateral diffusion was explicitly used in models; therefore, such numerical diffusion may not be a problem. However, with the increase of horizontal resolution, the artificial diffusivity/viscosity associated with hori zontal advection in the commonly used Eulerian coordinates may become one of the most challenging ob stacles for modeling the ocean circulation accurately. Isopycnal eddy diffusion （mixing） has been widely used in numerical models. The common wisdom is that mixing along isopycnal is energy free. However, a careful examination reveals that this is not the case. In fact, eddy diffusion can be conceptually separated into two steps： stirring and subscale diffusion. Due to the thermobaric effect, stirring, or exchanging water masses, along isopycnal surface is associated with the change of GPE in the mean state. This is a new type of instability, called the thermobaric instability. In addition, due to cabbeling subscale diffusion of water parcels always leads to the release of GPE. The release of GPE due to isopycnal stirring and subscale diffusion may lead to the thermobaric instability.     

嵌入式导航系统中一种快速路径规划方法探讨

嵌入式汽车导航系统需要快速计算出最佳路径进行导航,传统算法不能满足车载嵌入式导航设备进行大规模复杂道路网络计算的要求,本文提出了分层次双向升层探索路径规划算法,有效地提高了嵌入式导航系统中长距离路径规划的效率。     

结合地形因子与分层策略的喀斯特地区无人机影像分类

西南喀斯特山区地形起伏较大,地物分布较为破碎,致使传统的光谱特征一次分类方法的精度较低。本文基于高分辨率无人机正射影像和地形指标,充分利用无人机遥感影像空间特征、光谱特征、纹理特征及地形特征,采取面向对象CART决策树算法与分层策略提取了研究区土地覆盖类型。研究表明,结合空间地形因子和分层策略的方法减少了破碎区地物间的相干扰,故具有较高的分类精度,总体分类精度达91.2%,Kappa系数为0.87,较传统一次分类精度提高了9.8%,Kappa系数提高了0.13。该方法对西南喀斯特地区土地覆盖解译精度较好,可为土地利用监测提供参考。     

山西阳泉矿区煤层气分层排采分析

煤层气开发过程中,由于各煤层及其顶底板之间物性特征等方面的差异,易导致层间干扰,影响煤层气产能。阳泉矿区煤层气资源储量丰富,主要可采煤层有3#、8#、9#、15#煤层,其中3#煤层为局部可采煤层。以该区YQ-191和YQ-359井为例,通过分析8#、9#、15#煤层在渗透率、储层压力、煤层厚度、含气量、埋藏深度、水文地质条件的差异,发现,YQ-191井8#、9#的各项参数较为接近,层间干扰小,适宜合层开采;YQ-359井8#、15#煤层渗透率与储层压力相差较大,层间干扰严重,合层开采严重影响15#煤层的产能,该井8#、15#煤层不适宜合层开采。