孔隙压变化对岩石错动面滑动行为影响的实验研究

应用摩擦实验装置，在法向压力σ＿ｎ＝１０～１２０ＭＰａ下研究了孔隙压变化速率对岩石错动面滑动行为的影响。当孔隙压增压速率较大时，具粘滑振荡特性的岩石错动面仍将发生粘滑振荡，当孔隙压增压速率较小时，错动面发生稳定滑动，当增压速率介于上述两者之间时，错动面则呈粘滑－稳滑转化。以上结果对地震前兆和地震控制研究有重要意义     

用线特征摄影测量对目标体素进行量测和重建的可行性研究

本文利用线特征摄影测量方法对ＣＡＤ实体造型中体素进行自动量测与重建、借此建立ＣＡＤ与数字摄影测量的桥梁，文中提出了一种以描述体素几何元素为未知数，直接在像片线特征与物体表面之间进行匹配的线特征摄影测量模型和方法，并对其可行性进行了实验，实验结果表明：线特征摄影测量能达到立体摄影测量相同的，甚至更高的精度，从而可解决无明显目标点工点物体的自动量测。     

对建立遥感估产模式的几点初步认识

本文从分析遥感光谱参数的生物学意义着手，论证了正确建立遥感估产模型的可能途径。对几种有代表性的遥感估产模型作了分析，作者认为把可见光、近红外波段的遥感信息与热红外信息有机结合是解决遥感估产模型的最佳方案。对ＮＯＡＡ－ＡＶＨＲＲ的第１通道与第２通道光谱数值进行非朗伯体特性的纠正是必要的。遥感估产模型不仅可以使估产的空间尺度大大缩小而且参数数目亦可大大减小，更有利于实际运行。     

Discovery of Early Tertiary Hydrothermal Activity and Its Significance in Oil／Gas Geology,Dougpu Depression,Henan Province,China

Data from the super-deep wells(PS10,PS14 and YS1)led to the discovery of widespread met-al-bearing hydrothermal fluids (or hot brines) related to basic magmas in the Lower Tertiary clastic sequence in the Dongpu Depression .In terms of SEM and EDAX analyses, pore-casting thin section examination of sandstone ,the composition and forming temperature of fluid inclusions ,the trace ele-ment composition of mustone and kerogen and organic geochemical analyses, it is demonstrated that the hydrothermal fluids existing in the area studied are ejecting fluids, which have a close bearing on diagenesis and sedimentation, rather than intrusive veins along the tectonic fractures.The main indicators of hydrothermal activity are:(1)abnormal alteration of kerogen;(2) high-temperature altered mineral assemblage;(30abnormal distribution of hydrocarbons;(4) specific assemblages and abnormal contents of heavy metals in mudstone and kerogen;(5) specific composi-tion of complex compounds and assemblages of fluid inclusions in sandstone;(6) periodic basaltic magma activity.Results of geological observations and laboratory simulating experiments demonstrated that the hydrothermal fluids have a close bearing on hydrocarbon generation in the Dongpu Depression. Two aspects of the effect of hydrothermal fluids are noticed:hydrothermal hydrocarbon production and strong metal catalysis in oil and gas generation.     

Physicochemical Conditions of the Formation of Beryl and Aquamarin in Mufushan Granopegmatite Deposit,Hunan Province,China

The formation of the Mufushan granopegmatite was closely related to the Late Yenshanian multiphase and multistage magmatic activities,More than one generation of beryl and aquamarine occur in different types of pegmatite in the granites.The presence of melt and melt-fluid inclusions strongly indicates a melt-solution character of the pegmatitic magma.Forming temperatures of the different generations of beryl in a Na^ -K^ ,Ca^2 -CO3^2--Cl^--SO4^2- solution ranges from 990℃to 200℃.Aquamarine was formed at 720-180℃.The contents of alkali metals(Na^ K^ )in th ore-formming solution of aquamarine are lower than those in the beryl,but the contents of alkali earths(Ca) and salinity are higher,The granite was generated by remelting of the basement formation(meta-sedimentary rocks of the Lengjiaxi Group)which also served as the source of ore-forming material.Beryllium in the pegmatite was transported mainly in the form of Na[Be(CO3)2],with part of it being complexed with Cl^- and SO4^2-.During the generation and evolution of the pegmatite,equilibrium might have been reached in the solid-melt-fluid or solid-fluid system.The intergranular solutions may have reacted with the early crystallized minerals,resulting in potash-feldsparization,albitization and muscovitization during which the ore-forming elements were mobilized and transported in favour of ore deposition.     

北京1990年大海坨山地震尾波Q－1sup>随时间的变化

利用中国数字地震台网(CDSN)北京台记录, 计算了北京地区1987年1月至1991年8月近90个地方震尾波Q－1,研究了大海坨山5.4级地震前后尾波Q－1随时间的变化和与该区地震活动性的关系。结果表明, 在频率1-16HZ、尾波持续时间10-60S内, 尾波Q－1在该期间出现明显的时间变化, 且与该区地震活动有关。在地震前后, 主震区的尾波Q－1值显示出震前低震后高, 而在外部区域则为震前高震后低。同时发现, 尾波Q－1与频率的幂函数关系式Q－1=Q(f/f0)-中的幂次数及相当于频率1Hz时的品质因素Q0也随时间而变。实测结果表明, 三个分向的尾波Q－1在各频率上随时间的变化表现并不一致。      

喜马拉雅－青藏地区的运动学－抬升模型

本文以拉萨-冈底斯地体代表喜马拉雅造山期印度-欧亚板块碰撞时期的活动地体, 建立其相应的运动学-抬升模型。模型参数的取值以最终拟合由综合古地理研究确定的抬升历史作为制约条件, 同时考虑以下因素:①印度-欧亚板块汇聚的运动学特征: ②地体变形时的三维质量守恒, 包括缩短、增厚、拉伸、抬升和侵蚀: ③在均衡控制下岩石圈物质的瞬时垂向运动。模型研究涉及以下四类与抬升相关的参数:①板块汇聚速度及其随时间的变化: ②侧向质量转移的规模: ③地壳结构: ④地表侵蚀制式。共144个不同参数组合的模型计算结果展示了多解性的存在, 同时也证实:对于特定的板块汇聚运动学制式, 只存在一种可拟合实测抬升历史的最佳拟合模型, 隐含着汇聚板块动力学环境的唯一性。据此, 喜马拉雅-青藏地区的抬升主要受板块动力学和运动学的制约, 是一种含义深远的复杂地质过程。      

新疆天格尔金矿成矿带矿物包裹体研究

天格尔金矿成矿带矿物包裹体的均一温度、爆裂温度、成矿压力、气相成分及物理化学条件的研究表明，金矿化可分为两个成矿阶段，矿化深度１～１．５ｋｍ，成矿热液具有酸性还原特性，金是以金硫络合物形式迁移沉淀的。     

高煤级煤粗粒体反射率的演化轨迹

通过系统测试，查明了镜质体油浸最大反射率在２．０％～１０．０％之间的样品中粒粒体反射率的演化轨迹，发现其最大反射率的演化具有“转折”特征。粗粒体化学结构的“非石墨化碳”性质、物理结构的“富微孔性”及构造应力的作用是控制反射率演化的主要因素。