贵阳大气降水硫同位素地球化学特征

对贵阳地区2008年10月1日至2009年9月30日降水样品的SO42-含量和δ34S进行了测定.结果表明,研究时段内降水SO42-浓度为13.2 mg/L,δ34S值的变化范围为-12.0‰～+9.4‰,年均值为-2.8‰±1.4‰,主要来源于燃煤释放的含硫物质.大气降水SO42-浓度和δ34S值存在明显的季节性变化...     

高精度硅同位素分析方法研究进展

基于碱熔法的改进和多接收电感耦合等离子质谱仪（MC-ICP-MS）的发展,近年来高精度Si同位素组成（δ30Si）分析方法取得了长足进步,分析精度（2SD）自气体质谱仪（GS-MS）时代的±0.15‰~±0.30‰ 提高到优于±0.10‰,足以辨析高温过程中Si同位素发生的微小分馏,并且避免了实验流程中使用含氟等危险化学品。二次离子质谱（SIMS）和飞秒激光剥蚀（fs LA）的发展使得原位Si同位素组成分析精度近期也优化到±0.10‰~±0.22‰。文章对近年来Si同位素分析方法的发展沿革进行综述,探讨建立溶液法MC-ICP-MS的高精度Si同位素分析方法的进展与局限,并比对了国内外各个实验室已发表国际国内Si同位素标准物质测定值,最后总结了硅酸盐地球（BSE）、地壳和陨石等主要地质储库的δ30Si组成范围。     

Seasonal variations in the isotopic composition of leaf and stem water from an arid region of Southeast Asia

Abstract

Stable isotopes are powerful research tools in environmental sciences and their use in ecosystem research is increasing. Stable isotope measurements allow the study of evapotranspiration fluxes, soil evaporation and leaf transpiration phenomena. Soil water and leaf water are the sources of the evapotranspiration that transfers large quantities of water from land to the atmosphere; as a result the isotopic composition of water left in the leaves is modified towards enrichment. Evaporation also changes the isotopic composition of water bodies creating a natural isotopic signal. The isotopic identity of soil water affects the oxygen isotopic signature of leaf and stem water. In this paper we present the isotopic data of bulk leaf water, showing the enrichment in isotopic value of oxygen due to evapotranspiration from leaves in conjunction with the isotopic signal of rainwater and other environmental factors such as humidity and temperature. Results suggest that the variation in the values of δ¹⁸O of Eucalyptus citriodora, Dalbergia sissoo, Melia azedarach and Pinus roxburghii is due to the seasonal changes in the δ¹⁸O of the source water for plants, i. e. rain. It is further observed that leaf water δ¹⁸O values are depleted during the months of July, August and September. This occurs due to the following reasons: (a) the sampling areas receive about 50% of the average annual rain during these months, and (b) rainfalls during these months are isotopically depleted compared with winter rains.

Citation Butt, S., Ali, M., Fazil, M. & Latif, Z. (2010) Seasonal variations in the isotopic composition of leaf and stem water from an arid region of Southeast Asia. Hydrol. Sci. J. 55(5), 844–848.     

Mt. Suhora M dwarf survey - Detection of eight short-period variable stars

The Mt. Suhora M dwarf survey searching for pulsations in low mass main sequence stars has acquired CCD photometry of 46 M dwarf stars during the first year of the project (Baran et al., 2011). As a by-product of this search hundreds field stars have been checked for variability. This paper presents our initial result of a search for periodic variables in field stars observed in the course of the survey. On the basis of the periodicity and the shape of the light curves, eight new variables has been detected, among which five are δ Scuti stars and three likely RR Lyrae stars. Although variation in one of the stars has been previously detected, it was classified incorrectly. To support our classification, in August 2010, we performed spectroscopic observations to derive spectral types and luminosity classes for all eight variable stars.     

基于脂肪酸标记法和碳氮稳定同位素比值法的东海水母常见种的食性分析

采用脂肪酸标记法和碳氮稳定同位素比值法研究了东海6个水母常见种的食性。结果表明,6种水母的总脂肪酸含量都不高,说明作为饵料,水母不能够给捕食者提供较多的脂类营养物质。蝶水母(Ocyropsis crystallina)、瓜水母(Bero cucumis)和四叶小舌水母(Liriope tetraphylla)的脂肪酸组成较为相近,它们更多地通过捕食食物链获得有机质。同时,这几种小型水母摄食浮游植物(主要是硅藻和甲藻)比其它几种水母多;另外,它们对植食性桡足类也有一定的摄食。4月份墨绿多管水母(Aequorea coerulescens)主要通过腐生食物链获取有机质;另外,其对植食性桡足类也有一定的摄食。双生水母(Diphyidae spp.)参与腐生食物链也较多;另外,20:1+22:1含量较低指示了其对植食性桡足类几乎不摄食。蝶水母、瓜水母、四叶小舌水母和沙海蜇(Nemopilema nomurai)的δ13C更接近于陆源的C4植物的δ13C,说明其受陆源影响较大。δ15N特征结果表明,蝶水母、瓜水母和四叶小舌水母(Liriope tetraphylla)在浮游食物网中均处于较高营养级,沙海蜇虽个体较大,但由于其摄食器官较小,故其与这3种小型水母的营养地位相近。并且相对于其它几种水母,沙海蜇细菌脂肪酸标记更为明显。     

基于TES 反演数据的亚洲中低纬度地区大气水汽δD 的时空分布

利用搭载在Aura 卫星上的TES 观测仪所反演的2004 年8 月至2010 年12 月逐日HDO、H₂O、气温以及GNIP等资料,对亚洲中低纬度地区大气水汽中δD的时空分布特征、水汽δD与气温、水汽量的关系以及与降水同位素的关系进行了研究。从空间上来看:大气水汽、降水δD整体上表现出随纬度升高而降低的趋势,同时低纬度的西太平洋暖池以东和西亚地区形成了两个高值中心,中纬度的青藏高原和西太平洋形成了两个低值中心。从季节变化来看:陆地上水汽δD表现出暖季的高值与冷季的低值交替出现,海洋上这种变化则不明显,同时,可以看到水汽δD的季节变化与低纬度陆地上降水δD的暖季低、冷季高正好相反;中纬度大陆上水汽δD的最大值出现在气温最高的夏季;低纬度的印度半岛、中南半岛的最大值出现在季风暴发前的春季。就水汽中δD与气温、水汽量关系而言:在中纬度大陆及西亚地区均表现出正相关;在西太平洋暖池处,水汽中δD与气温呈正相关,与水汽量呈负相关。     

乌鲁木齐降水中δ18O的温度和降水强度效应的季节转换

受到温度和降水季节变化的双重影响,温带大陆和季风气候地区降水中的δ¹⁸O有很强的季节动态。在中国北方由于受到强烈的温度季节变化的控制,降水中δ¹⁸O有很强的温度效应,甚至在月尺度上与温度呈显著的正相关。然而,在降水事件尺度上,特别是多雨的夏季,显著的降水量效应仍然存在。本研究结合气象数据分析了来源于GNIP的乌鲁木齐月尺度上的降水中δ¹⁸O与平均气温和降水量之间的关系。结果表明:在年尺度上,保持气温和降水频率不变,扣除两者的影响,δ¹⁸O与降水强度有显著的负相关关系(P=0.012)。温度和降水强度效应分别为(0.45±0.03)‰·℃^-1(T=17.38,P<0.001)和(-0.28±0.12)‰·mm^-1(T=-2.29,P=0.023)。温度和降水效应在一年四季均存在,且两者存在季节转化,分别主导了一年中不同季节降水中δ¹⁸O的动态变化。在气温剧烈变动的春季(3-5月)和秋季(9-11月),显著的温度效应占主导。而在夏季(6-8月),显著的降水强度效应(T=-2.93,P=0.006)主导了降水中δ¹⁸O的动态。尽管在冬季(12月至翌年2月)降水强度效应和温度效应很微弱也不显著,但是前者仍然大于后者。     

年际―年代际尺度上南海北部SST与 东亚夏季风强度的负相关关系

选取南海北部珊瑚带宽-SST分别与甘肃万象洞WX42B石笋和贵州董哥洞DA石笋的δ18O记录在不同时段进行对比,揭示了南海北部SST变化与夏季风强度的关联。结果显示：在年际―年代际尺度上,南海北部珊瑚带宽-SST与石笋δ18O记录的夏季风强度存在负相关关系：南海北部SST升高,石笋δ18O偏重,夏季风强度减弱;反之亦然。南海北部器测SST与万象洞WX42B石笋δ18O记录的对比也证实了这一关系的存在。ENSO活动影响着季风区的降雨量,控制着南海北部的SST变化。ENSO的存在可能是造成这种负相关关系的直接原因。由于ENSO活动与季风区降雨量的关系存在区域性差异,南海北部SST与局部地区夏季风强度之间的关系仍需进一步的研究。     

Late Holocene inter-annual temperature variability reconstructed from the δ18O of archaeological Ostrea angasi shells

Two multi-year oxygen isotope (δ¹⁸O) records were obtained from archaeological Ostrea angasi shells, confirming the potential of this species to provide valuable environmental records for the late Holocene period in southeastern Australia. High-resolution δ¹⁸O_shell samples from the O. angasi clearly display a seasonal variability, offering insight into past climate conditions in a region where such information is presently limited.

The oxygen isotope record in O. angasi reflects a combined temperature–salinity signal. Observations of δ¹⁸O_shell data from modern specimens are used as a point of reference to assist in decoupling these two influences, with the two archaeological samples compared with the δ¹⁸O_shell profile of four modern O. angasi. Assuming similar paleo- δ¹⁸O_water values at the collection sites, data from these archaeological shells present a record of temperatures during the period of their growth that are consistently lower than modern day, with mean annual temperatures ～2°C cooler.     

Stable isotope composition of modern bryozoan skeletal carbonate from the Otago Shelf,New Zealand

The oxygen (δ¹⁸O) and carbon (δ¹³C) isotope ratios of 10 species of living Bryozoa collected from the Otago Shelf, New Zealand were analysed to assess the extent to which isotopic equilibrium (relative to inorganic equilibrium isotope fractionation) is attained during the precipitation of skeletal calcium carbonate. The data reveal that whereas eight species of Bryozoa synthesise skeletal carbonate in apparent oxygen isotope equilibrium with respect to environmental conditions, two species (Celleporina grandis and Hippomonavella flexuosa) yield δ¹⁸O_calcite values which indicate significant disequilibrium oxygen isotope fractionation during calcification. Sufficient data are available from one species (C. grandis) to demonstrate that disequilibrium is probably related to kinetic factors associated with diffusion‐controlled transport of HCO₃‐ to the site of calcite precipitation. Carbon isotope signatures indicate significant departures from inorganic isotope equilibrium in all but one bryozoan species (Hippomenella vellicata). Although greater uncertainties are associated with estimates of the isotopic composition of total dissolved inorganic carbon (δ¹³C_SDIC), the data suggest that two factors—kinetic fractionation and incorporation of respiratory CO₂—are important in controlling carbon isotope disequilibrium. Where bryozoan species exhibit evidence for disequilibrium in both oxygen and carbon isotope systems (C. grandis, H. flexuosa), it is likely that kinetic factors are primarily responsible for observed departures from carbon isotope equilibrium. In contrast, the probable explanation for those species which display evidence for carbon isotope disequilibrium only, is that skeletal carbonate is precipitated from a DIC pool modified by the incorporation of respiratory CO₂. Differences between the carbon isotope composition of skeletal elements from the same species and co‐existing species living in the same community suggests that significant variations may occur in the extent to which marine DIC and respiratory CO₂ are utilised during calcification. Additional studies of carbon pathways associated with calcification are required to assess the relative effects of kinetic, metabolic, and environmental factors on the carbon isotopic composition of bryozoan skeletal carbonate.