长江口沉积物碳氮元素地球化学特征及有机质来源分析

根据对长江口水下三角洲上部(CJ16)和口门浅滩(CJ19)柱状样的粒度、总有机碳(TOC)、总氮(TN)和有机碳同位素(δ13C)以及长江口表层样TOC的测定,得出其粒度及碳氮元素特征,利用C/N和δ13C分析有机质来源及不同来源的贡献率。研究结果表明:(1)沉积物中有机碳含量在0.19%～1.17%之间,CJ16柱中有机碳含量比CJ19柱略高;总氮含量均比较少,且变化幅度小;C/N比值在5～17间变化;CJ16柱的δ13C值在24.70‰～22.86‰间变化,CJ19柱为24.88‰～22.37‰,且CJ19柱δ13C值在36 cm以上段较下段明显增大,推测可能与南汇边滩互花米草(C4植物)的引种有关;(2)长江口表层沉积物TOC的含量范围为0.17%～1.16%,平均值为0.52%;(3)粒度特征显示长江口主要以粉砂和粘土为主,砂含量较少,粒度与长江口TN、TOC含量有较好的相关性;(4)C/N和δ13C值的特征均显示该区有机质为陆源和海洋混合,利用C/N比值估算出来自陆源的有机碳比例在CJ16柱约为40%,而在CJ19柱中约为60%;根据δ13C值估算出CJ16柱陆源和海源两种有机质来源几乎是各占一半的比例,CJ19柱来自陆源的有机碳占总有机碳的60%,与用C/N比值法测得的结果较一致。上述结果显示长江口的不同空间位置碳氮元素分布特征不同,沉积记录受到粒度、河口区物源的影响,还受到陆源和海源不同有机质来源输入的影响。     

准噶尔盆地滴南凸起含油储集岩分子与碳同位素地球化学研究

从滴南凸起10个含油储集岩样品分步提取了自由态油气组分、束缚态油气组分和油气包裹体组分,各组分进一步做色谱、色谱-质谱和正构烷烃单体碳同位素分析。根据生物标志物组成,可将10个含油储集岩样分为两类：第一类包括D2-1和D18-12个侏罗系油砂样,第二类包括其他8个采自侏罗系、二叠系和石炭系含油储集岩样。两类样品生物标志物组成差异主要有：（1）第一类样品各类油气组分三环萜烷含量明显低于第二类样品;（2）第一类样品 C20、C21和 C23三环萜烷含量比较接近,其分布模式为 C20＆lt;C21＆gt;C23,第二类样品这3个化合物含量差异较大,且分布模式为C20＆gt;C21＆gt;C23;（3）第一类样品伽马蜡烷和β-胡萝卜烷相对含量高于第二类样品;（4）第一类样品C27甾烷含量较低而C28甾烷含量较高,第二类样品则相反。可以推断第一类样品自由态组分、束缚态组分和油气包裹体均来源于二叠系烃源岩而第二类样品各类油气组分则来源于石炭系烃源岩。第一类样品油气包裹体成熟度明显高于自由态组分和束缚态组分,表明早期充注原油的成熟度高于晚期充注的原油,总体上各类油气组分成熟度位于生油高峰阶段（Ro 0.8%~1.1%）。第二类样品从自由态组分、束缚态组分至油气包裹体成熟度依次降低,表明早期充注原油的成熟度低于晚期充注的原油,总体上各类油气组分成熟度位于高-过成熟阶段（Ro〉1.25%）。第一类样品各类油气组分正构烷烃单体碳同位素组成相对较轻,第二类样品各类油气组分正构烷烃单体碳同位素组成有一定的差异,组成较轻者与第一类样品各类油气组分接近。     

土壤蚀变碳酸盐的区域性分布特征及其地球化学意义

土壤蚀变碳酸盐(?C)是油气化探的一个重要指标,在油气化探中得到广泛的使用,并取得了较好的效果。然而由于对?C 的碳源及其具体矿物形态相知较少,导致该法在业内存在一定的质疑。本文通过对不同地区地表土壤样品、海底沉积物以及钻井岩屑样品进行对比分析,研究其碳源、分布特征及矿物形态。结果表明,不同化探样品中?C的含量与所处的地质环境有关,陆地地表土壤样品中?C的含量普遍较高,其次为海底沉积物样品,钻井岩屑样品中的最低;而钻井岩屑样品(还原环境)中?C 的δ13C 值比地表土壤样品及海底沉积物样品(近地表氧化环境)都要偏轻;由此推测形成?C的碳源有无机、有机以及混合源三种,各种来源的 C 对?C 的贡献因化探样品所处的地质环境的不同而不同; X 射线衍射物相分析结果表明,形成ΔC 的CO2除了由方解石和白云石的分解产生外,还有少量的由未知矿物提供。     

张掖市“三氮”分布及成因

应用氮同位素技术对地下水NO3-来源识别表明,污水灌溉是浅层地下水中NO3-主要来源,非污水灌区的化肥的大量施用、粪便的随意堆放是周边地下水中NO3-的主要来源。     

Evidence for progressive Holocene aridification in southern Africa recorded in Namibian hyrax middens: Implications for African Monsoon dynamics and the ‘‘African Humid Period’’

Presented here are stable nitrogen isotope data from a rock hyrax (Procavia capensis) middens from northwestern Namibia that record a series of rapid aridification events beginning at ca. 3800 cal yr BP, and which mark a progressive decrease in regional humidity across the Holocene. Strong correlations exist between this record and other terrestrial and marine archives from southern Africa, indicating that the observed pattern of climate change is regionally coherent. Combined, these data indicate hemispheric synchrony in tropical African climate change during the Holocene, with similar trends characterising the termination of the ‘African Humid Period’ (AHP) in both the northern and southern tropics. These findings run counter to the widely accepted model of direct low-latitude insolation forcing, which requires an anti-phase relationship to exist between the hemispheres. The combined dataset highlights: 1) the importance of forcing mechanisms influencing the high northern latitudes in effecting low-latitude climate change in Africa, and 2) the potential importance of solar forcing and variations in the Earth's geomagnetic shield in determining both long-term and rapid centennial-scale climate changes, identifying a possible mechanism for the variations marking the AHP termination in both the southern and northern tropics.     

秀山上寒武统古油藏地球化学特征及油源分析

秀山上寒武统古油藏沥青主要富集于耿家店组粗晶白云岩晶间孔、晶间溶孔及缝合线中,有机碳含量为3．43％～7．12％,显示其较高的沥青含量。受地表水淋滤氧化作用及微生物降解作用的影响,氯仿沥青“A”及热解烃含量较低,饱和烃含量较低,芳烃、非烃含量较高,轻重烃∑C21-／∑C21＋比值较低。固体碳同位素值具有明显的二分特征,范围分别为-26．7‰-25．6‰和-29．1‰-28．8‰,反映古油藏油气聚集成藏至少有两期,分别来源于不同有机质类型的母岩。根据生物标志化合物、δ13Corg及单体烃同位素对比分析,认为沥青分别来源于下寒武统黑色灰岩和黑色页岩。     

稳定碳氧同位素在沉积相和成岩环境划分中的应用——以柴西南翼山浅油藏储层研究为例

碳酸盐岩中的稳定碳氧同位素可以用来定量恢复沉积环境古盐度、成岩环境,表明沉积物形成后大气淡水参与成岩作用强度,圈定潜在储层等。通过同位素δ^13C、δ^18O值,运用基恩和韦伯方程计算出古盐度参数,可以作为判定沉积环境和成岩环境的标准。以柴西南翼山浅油藏储层为例,运用δ^13C、δ^18O同位素值来判定其古盐度,为沉积相和沉岩作用的划分提供了科学的依据。     

Research on the carbon isotopic composition of organic matter from Lake Chenghai and Caohai Lake sediments

The carbon isotopic composition of organic matter from lake sediments has been extensively used to infer variations in productivity. In this paper, based on the study of the contents and δ13C values of organic matter in different types of lakes, it has been found that δ13C values of organic matter have different responses to lake productivity in different lakes. As to the lakes dominated by aqutic macrophytes such as Lake Caohai, organic matter becomes enriched in 13C with increasing productivity. As to the lakes dominated by aquatic algae such as Lake Chenghai, δ13C values of organic matter decrease with increasing productivity, and the degradation of aquatic algae is the main factor leading to the decrease of δ13C values of organic matter with increasing productivity. Therefore, we should be cautious to use the carbon isotopic composition of organic matter to deduce lake productivity.     

Carbon and strontium isotopes and global correlation of Cambrian Series 2-Series 3 carbonate rocks in the Keping area of the northwestern Tarim Basin, NW China

One hundred and ten carbon and nineteen strontium isotopic values of outcropping Cambrian Series 2 and Series 3 carbonate rocks in the Penglaiba section of the Keping area were analyzed. Effective isotopic data with little influence of diagenesis were used to address the global correlation. The δ¹³C values exhibit two major positive excursions (peaking at 3.1‰ and 3.3‰) and three major negative excursions (peaking at −3.0‰, −4.2‰ and −3.2‰). The carbon isotope excursions (peaking at −3.0‰ and −4.2‰) across the Cambrian Series 2-Series 3 boundary show good correlations with similar variations reported in Siberia, Laurentia, North China and South China. In contrast, the other three carbon isotope excursions (peaking at 3.1‰, 3.3‰ and −3.2‰) do not have a fairly good global correlation because of the lack of biostratigraphic data. With respect to the ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios, they show good correlation with those reported for Laurentia, and further support the global δ¹³C comparison. On the basis of these new data, it is showed that the combination of δ¹³C curves and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr variations serves as a powerful tool for correlation and subdivision of Cambrian strata in the Tarim Basin of northwest China, and provides new data for global correlation.     

应用稳定碳氮同位素分析法研究广东流沙湾海域白腹小沙丁鱼的营养级

对2008年5—11月采集的广东流沙湾海域白腹小沙丁鱼（Sardinellaclupeoides）进行稳定碳、氮同位素比值的测定,分析比较了5个不同体长组的差异,并以此为基础推算其营养级．结果表明,流沙湾白腹小沙丁鱼的δ^13C值变化范围为一17．61％。一15．99％。,平均值为一16．59‰,与浮游动物的δ^13C均值（一17．27％0）较为相近．其6”N值变化范围为12．73％。～15．26％0,平均值为14．03％0,比浮游动物的6”N均值（10．56％0）高出3．47％0．5个体长组的8¨c、8”N平均值没有随着体长的增大而增大．由δ15N值推算出广东流沙湾海域白腹小沙丁鱼的营养级范围为2．24～3．25,平均值为2．76,符合其主要摄食浮游动物的食性．