全文获取类型
收费全文 | 31941篇 |
免费 | 5879篇 |
国内免费 | 9015篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 5107篇 |
大气科学 | 6831篇 |
地球物理 | 8012篇 |
地质学 | 14991篇 |
海洋学 | 4841篇 |
天文学 | 492篇 |
综合类 | 2405篇 |
自然地理 | 4156篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 225篇 |
2023年 | 597篇 |
2022年 | 1188篇 |
2021年 | 1383篇 |
2020年 | 1560篇 |
2019年 | 1759篇 |
2018年 | 1477篇 |
2017年 | 1656篇 |
2016年 | 1808篇 |
2015年 | 1952篇 |
2014年 | 2134篇 |
2013年 | 2383篇 |
2012年 | 2214篇 |
2011年 | 2242篇 |
2010年 | 1825篇 |
2009年 | 2160篇 |
2008年 | 2122篇 |
2007年 | 2275篇 |
2006年 | 2089篇 |
2005年 | 1792篇 |
2004年 | 1656篇 |
2003年 | 1383篇 |
2002年 | 1287篇 |
2001年 | 1066篇 |
2000年 | 1017篇 |
1999年 | 917篇 |
1998年 | 826篇 |
1997年 | 714篇 |
1996年 | 607篇 |
1995年 | 530篇 |
1994年 | 500篇 |
1993年 | 387篇 |
1992年 | 262篇 |
1991年 | 205篇 |
1990年 | 144篇 |
1989年 | 105篇 |
1988年 | 111篇 |
1987年 | 77篇 |
1986年 | 41篇 |
1985年 | 42篇 |
1984年 | 22篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 12篇 |
1981年 | 14篇 |
1980年 | 12篇 |
1979年 | 14篇 |
1978年 | 10篇 |
1977年 | 5篇 |
1976年 | 6篇 |
1954年 | 12篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
111.
Based on statistical data and population flow data for 2016,and using entropy weight TOPSIS and the obstacle degree model,the centrality of cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt(YREB)together with the factors influencing centrality were measured.In addition,data for the population flow were used to analyze the relationships between cities and to verify centrality.The results showed that:(1)The pattern of centrality conforms closely to the pole-axis theory and the central geography theory.Two axes,corresponding to the Yangtze River and the Shanghai-Kunming railway line,interconnect cities of different classes.On the whole,the downstream cities have higher centrality,well-defined gradients and better development of city infrastructure compared with cities in the middle and upper reaches.(2)The economic scale and size of the population play a fundamental role in the centrality of cities,and other factors reflect differences due to different city classes.For most of the coastal cities or the capital cities in the central and western regions,factors that require long-term development such as industrial facilities,consumption,research and education provide the main competitive advantages.For cities that are lagging behind in development,transportation facilities,construction of infrastructure and fixed asset investment have become the main methods to achieve development and enhance competitiveness.(3)The mobility of city populations has a significant correlation with the centrality score,the correlation coefficients for the relationships between population mobility and centrality are all greater than 0.86(P<0.01).The population flow is mainly between high-class cities,or high-class and low-class cities,reflecting the high centrality and huge radiating effects of high-class cities.Furthermore,the cities in the YREB are closely linked to Guangdong and Beijing,reflecting the dominant economic status of Guangdong with its geographical proximity to the YREB and Beijing's enormous influence as the national political and cultural center,respectively. 相似文献
112.
Recent advances in railway-induced ground vibrations showed that the track/soil interaction plays an important role in the low frequency range. This paper contributes to the numerical analysis of train/track/foundation dynamics by presenting the accuracy of a coupled lumped mass (CLM) model devoted to the railway foundations and to the track/soil coupling. Following a summary of the background and the advantages of the CLM model, the coupling strategy is quantified through two application cases. Firstly, the dynamic track deflection is calculated for different railway lines considering various degrees of complexities of foundations. Then, the foundation responses are compared depending on whether detailed coupling is introduced or not. The benefit of the proposed model is emphasized by presenting free-field ground vibration responses generated by a tram and a high-speed train, obtained by a revisited two-step prediction model developed by the authors. 相似文献
113.
114.
城市化和退耕还林草对中国耕地生产力的影响 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
20 世纪90 年代以来的快速城市化进程和1999 年开始启动的退耕还林草生态工程对耕地的分布与生产能力产生了重要影响。本研究应用由TM 遥感影像获取的1980s-2000 年与2000-2005 年两个时间段耕地变化数据,结合以多时相遥感数据为主要数据源的耕地生产力光能利用率遥感模型估算两个研究时段耕地生产力变化特征,比较城市化与退耕还林草政策主导下两个时期耕地转移对各区域耕地生产力的影响。研究结果表明:两个研究时段因城市占用损失的耕地生产力占土地利用变化(LUCC) 导致的耕地生产力减少总量比例均在60%以上。在20 世纪90 年代,全国新增耕地生产力总量比被占用耕地生产力高87%,耕地转移使中国耕地生产力增加。2000-2005 年间,退耕还林草政策的启动和快速城市化进程对耕地的持续占用导致耕地生产力占补正平衡指数由前一时段的正平衡变为负平衡,转出耕地生产力总量比新增耕地生产力高31%,耕地转为林草地和建设占用损失的耕地生产力分别较前一时段提高57%和85%。城市化与退耕还林草政策等驱动因素作用下耕地开垦区与占用区的空间分布差异使得耕地生产力占补平衡状态和趋势呈现明显的区域分异。 相似文献
115.
采用分子动力学模拟,研究了西藏拉果错盐湖卤水中阴、阳离子以及水分子间的相互作用行为。以盐湖卤水等温蒸发过程中粒子浓度变化的四个阶段为研究对象,分别计算了不同体系的扩散系数、配位数、均方位移和径向分布函数。计算结果表明,液相浓度越低时,H2O分子对各离子之间的相互作用有抑制作用,液相中离子浓度越高时,SO42-易与CO32-竞争Li+形成离子对,从而影响盐湖卤水中Li+的富集。本文研究结果对盐湖卤水中Li+的迁移行为作出了机理解释,为盐湖卤水提锂的发展奠定了理论基础。 相似文献
116.
本文对驱动重联过程作了二维可压缩磁流体动力学模拟.对于长的计算域(1:4),在持续入流的作用下形成了双重磁岛结构,这些磁岛在向外运动的过程中不断靠近,逐渐聚合成为一个大的等离子体团,并继续向外运动.这说明在地球磁层顶和磁尾所观测到的大尺度磁结构,很可能是在驱动重联过程中,由较小的等离子体团聚合后形成的.并初步揭示了在空间等离子体中,磁岛的聚合过程难以直接观测的动力学原因. 相似文献
117.
当观测资料的数据量少而又存在多个相互影响或关联的变量时,常用的灰色预测模型GM(1,1)不能全面考虑多个变量。为此,采用自适应MGM(1,n)模型—多变量灰色预测模型,较好地解决了这一问题。针对一些地区气象数据较少甚至缺失的情况,以内蒙古正蓝旗的气象资料用Penman-Monteith计算的参考作物蒸散量(ET0)为研究对象,运用灰色系统理论建立MGM(1,3)模型,模拟预测参考作物蒸散量变化规律,并与GM(1,1)模型和BP神经网络模型比较,结果表明MGM(1,3)模型有较好的预测效果。 相似文献
118.
AGUIRRE-SALADO Carlos Arturo TREVIO-GARZA Eduardo Javier AGUIRRE-CALDERóN Oscar Alberto JIMéNEZ-PéREZ Javier GONZáLEZ-TAGLE Marco Aurelio VALDEZ-LAZALDE José René MIRANDA-ARAGóN Liliana AGUIRRE-SALADO Alejandro Iván 《地理学报(英文版)》2012,22(4):669-680
Spatially-explicit estimation of aboveground biomass(AGB) plays an important role to generate action policies focused in climate change mitigation,since carbon(C) retained in the biomass is vital for regulating Earth’s temperature.This work estimates AGB using both chlorophyll(red,near infrared) and moisture(middle infrared) based normalized vegetation indices constructed with MCD43A4 MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS) and MOD44B vegetation continuous fields(VCF) data.The study area is located in San Luis Potosí,Mexico,a region that comprises a part of the upper limit of the intertropical zone.AGB estimations were made using both individual tree data from the National Forest Inventory of Mexico and allometric equations reported in scientific literature.Linear and nonlinear(expo-nential) models were fitted to find their predictive potential when using satellite spectral data as explanatory variables.Highly-significant correlations(p = 0.01) were found between all the explaining variables tested.NDVI62,linked to chlorophyll content and moisture stress,showed the highest correlation.The best model(nonlinear) showed an index of fit(Pseudo-r2) equal to 0.77 and a root mean square error equal to 26.00 Mg/ha using NDVI62 and VCF as explanatory variables.Validation correlation coefficients were similar for both models:lin-ear(r = 0.87**) and nonlinear(r = 0.86**). 相似文献
119.
This study investigates the effect of non-linear soil deformation on the displacement interaction among energy piles. The work is based on interaction factor analyses of full-scale pile group tests, whose results are compared with experimental evidence. The results presented highlight the tendency of interaction factor analyses that ignore non-linear soil deformation to overestimate the interaction and the displacement of energy pile groups. This outcome, in accordance with previous studies for conventional pile groups subjected to mechanical loads, may be considered in the analysis and design of energy pile groups subjected to thermal (and mechanical) loads through the interaction factor method. 相似文献
120.