企业信息化建设与“振兴规划”的困惑与期望

随着互联网技术的不断发展和电子商务的不断运用,全球经济日趋一体化,国际、国内的企业竞争越来越激烈,我国企业也面临着巨大的机遇与挑战,迫切需要借助信息化手段利用全球市场资源实现快速发展,由于受到跨国公司核心技术、市场策略等多种因素的制约,以及我国"振兴规划"不确定因素的影响,当前我国企业信息化建设和发展仍面临许多困难和问题,期望得到政府协调解决,使企业信息化建设进展顺利。     

西藏墨竹工卡地区甲玛矽卡岩型铜多金属矿体的变化性

以甲玛矽卡岩型矿体为研究对象,通过对矿体主要区域化变量矿石品位半变异函数的分析,建立了相应的半变异函数的球状模型,从而求得矿体主要变化方向上的滞后距、块金值、变程等参数。根据这些参数,求得矽卡岩型矿体的铜钼矿体主元素Cu、Mo品位在各方向上的变化性质系数为0.45,表明铜钼矿体中主元素品位在走向、倾向和垂向上都具有明显的坐标性变化;而铅锌矿体中Pb在各方向上的变化性质系数为0.58,Zn变化性质系数为0.5,显示铅锌矿体中主元素品位在走向、倾向和垂向上均具有一定的随机性变化。Cu、Mo、Pb、Zn品位变化程度系数在走向、倾向方向均大于0.9,表明矿体内的矿石品位变化程度是极复杂的。Cu、Mo在垂向上的变化程度系数值均在0.6~0.8之间,变化程度中等;Pb、Zn垂向上的变化程度系数值介于0.3~0.6之间,变化程度较简单。据此认为,控制矿体变化的因素主要是由斑岩-矽卡岩型矿床的成因所决定的,矿体形成时存在多阶段的矿化叠加,使有用矿物、成矿元素具有明显的分带性。     

裂缝型储层预测技术优选——以塔北地区奥陶系为例

塔北地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩裂缝型储层的地震反射特征总体表现为弱振幅,常用技术难以预测。通过预测技术优选发现相关分量P1属性能够较好地预测这类储层。应用该属性分别对塔北英买2井区奥陶系一间房组、轮古7井区奥陶系鹰山组以及轮古东地区奥陶系良里塔格组的弱振幅反射的裂缝型储层进行了预测,结果与实钻有较高的吻合率。     

北极新奥尔松Austre Lovénbreen冰川退缩迹地不同演替阶段的植物组成与植被群落特征分析

为开展新奥尔松地区苔原植物生长和植被演替对冰川退缩响应的研究,在Austre Lovénbreen冰川(简称A冰川)前沿不同年代冰缘线附近布设了植被样方,调查了样方内植物组成与群落结构。结果表明:(1)A冰川1990年冰缘线代表植被演替的初始阶段,样方内仅出现先锋植物挪威虎耳草(Saxifraga oppositifolia);(2)1936年冰缘线代表冰川退缩长达75年后植被发育的情况,样方内植物种类和个体数明显增多,植被群落以木本植物极柳(Salix polaris)和草本植物黄葶苈(Draba bellii)为主,地衣以寒生肉疣衣(Ochrolechia frigida)和鸡皮衣(Pertusaria sp.)等壳状地衣为主;(3)随着冰川迹地形成时间更长,植被趋向成熟阶段发展,样方内极柳占绝对优势,地衣的物种多样性和盖度显著增加,出现雪黄岛衣(Flavocetraria nivalis)和刺岛衣(Cetraria aculeata)等叶状地衣。初步结果表明冰川退缩迹地上的物种更替明显,群落结构发生着显著变化。     

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南海大眼金枪鱼和黄鳍金枪鱼生物学特性及其分布

利用2010年3月—2013年2月南海金枪鱼延绳钓探捕与渔业生产监测取得的生物学数据和生产数据,对南海的大眼金枪鱼(Thunnus obesus)和黄鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus albacres)的生物学特性和渔场分布进行了研究。结果表明:(1)南海大眼金枪鱼叉长范围50—169cm,平均为111.8cm,体重范围2.45—87kg,平均为33.2kg,叉长(FL)体重(W)关系:W=1.74×10–5FL3.01,性腺成熟度Ⅱ期居多,占总尾数的45.27%。绝对怀卵量109.46—456.95万粒,摄食强度以0—2级为主。大眼金枪鱼延绳钓渔场春夏季分布于南沙西北部和南沙中西部海域;秋冬季分布于西、中沙和南沙西北部海域。渔获水深90%集中在150—400m。(2)南海黄鳍金枪鱼叉长范围41—180cm,平均为107.9cm,体重范围1.2—77.5kg,平均为27.9kg,叉长体重关系:W=2.19×10–5FL2.94,性腺成熟度以Ⅱ—Ⅳ期居多,占总尾数的89.01%,绝对怀卵量15—154万粒,摄食强度以1—2级为主。黄鳍金枪鱼延绳钓渔场春夏季分布于南沙西北部和南沙中西部海域;秋冬季分布于西、中沙、南沙西北部、南沙中西部海域。渔获水深93.75%集中在50—350m。西沙西部和南沙西北部海域是灯光围网和灯光罩网捕捞金枪鱼的重要渔场。研究认为:(1)在南海可发展小型冷海水延绳钓船,在每年10月末—次年5月初在西沙东北海域开展浅水延绳钓作业;(2)在南海的岛礁附近设置PAYAO群,开展金枪鱼灯光罩网或围网捕捞。(3)目前取得的资料仍然有限,未来仍需进一步调查,以掌握南海金枪鱼种群动态,为渔业开发和养护提供建议。     

长江口及其邻近陆架区夏季网采浮游植物及其影响因素

2009年6、8月长江口及其邻近陆架区的网采样品中检出浮游植物9门395种(含223种硅藻与125种甲藻)。浮游植物丰度8月(3 077.15×104 cells/m3)显著高于6月(107.80×104 cells/m3)。随长江冲淡水势力增强,位于长江口的丰度高值区8月较6月更偏外侧。种类丰富度8月高于6月,但多样性和均匀度指数略低于6月。6月尖刺伪菱形藻和三角角藻占绝对优势,8月优势种主要有尖刺伪菱形藻、笔尖形根管藻和铁氏束毛藻。骨条藻虽非优势种,但在长江冲淡水区丰度较高。相似性分析和多维尺度分析表明,浮游植物群落组成时空差异显著。典范对应分析表明,温度和盐度是分别影响6、8月群落分布的首要因子。根据水动力和化学参数,该区浮游植物群落分布与环流变化和水团消长密切相关。     

南黄海沿岸滩涂文蛤中痕量硒的周年变化探讨

采用4︰1混合酸湿法消解,氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法(HG-AFS)测定了南黄海沿岸滩涂文蛤生物体中微量元素硒的周年变化,并用质控样和加标回收保证结果的可靠性。结果显示:硒的周年含量为0.2~0.5 mg/kg,平均值为0.330 mg/kg,文蛤体内硒的含量呈一定规律性变化,春、秋季高,夏、冬季低。说明文蛤中硒含量因不同季节而具有明显差异,其含量变化与海水温度、饵料生物及文蛤生长繁殖等因素有关。     

Weather extremes and street life in India—Implications of Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping as a new tool for semi-quantitative impact assessment and ranking of adaptation measures

The potential impacts of progressing climate change are alarming. Some adverse consequences are now unavoidable and adaptation measures are increasingly needful. This poses enormous challenges for emerging megacities in the Global South, which barely manage in current weather conditions. This paper introduces Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping as a new tool for structured, semi-quantitative assessments of climate change impacts and adaptation measures.Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping is used to evaluate differences in sensitivities to heatwaves and rainstorms across socio-economic groups and for the ranking of useful adaptation options, based on 188 individual interviews to the impacts of extreme weather events in Hyderabad, India. The results of this multi-stakeholder assessment indicate that rainstorms affect low-income residents more than heatwaves, while the opposite is true for medium-income respondents. The latter are also less seriously affected by extreme weather in general. Profession, though, not income determines the kind of impact that people feel most affected by. Individual characteristics like age and gender do not significantly explain differences in the data, but religion does. This is because, in Hyderabad, Muslims live in the older, less serviced and more affected parts of the city. However, semi-quantitative scenario analyses suggest that, under future climate change, many parts of the city will become increasingly exposed to the effects of extreme weather. Planned investments in urban infrastructure will be seriously challenged by climate change and preventive adaptation measures are urgently needed to at least maintain the current level of quality of life. Investments in the health infrastructure appear to be most effective in reducing the impact of heatwaves and investments in the traffic infrastructure most effective in reducing the impact of rainstorms. However, looking at heat and rain events together—which is realistic as they are both projected to increase and often occur in the same year—reveals that investments in water infrastructure and management have greatest potential to reduce impacts across all localities and on all social groups, particularly the lower-income classes. This is because first-order impacts caused by inadequate water infrastructure often give rise to second- or third-order impacts. Addressing the root cause is the most effective way to break cause-and-effect chains and prevent proliferation of negative consequences. Similar studies are suggested in other cities in order to support adaptation mainstreaming in complex urban environments. Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping proved a useful, semi-quantitative tool for climate change impact and adaptation assessments.