RESEARCH OF THE INHOMOGENEITY TEST OF CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA SERIES IN CHINA*

Some achievements on the inhomogeneity test of climatological data series and some correlative conclusions were described,from which we concluded that it was very necessary to test the homogeneity of the Chinese climatological data series.Many techniques on this field developed by foreign experts are suitable for Chinese climatological series,and the main factors for the inhomogeneity of the Chinese climatological data are the relocation of stations and the change of instruments.     

新疆月太阳总辐射气候学计算方法的研究

本文先对现有各种太阳总辐射气候学计算公式进行讨论，并确定Ｑ＝Ｑ２为新疆最佳计算公式，然后根据新疆９个月日射站的资料分南疆，北疆两大区域按月给出区域统一式，最后验证了它们的计算效果。     

各种大气水汽输送气候计算方法的比较和讨论

比较瞬时法，平均法和逐层平均法３种水汽输送气候计算方案，发现它们的输送方向大致相同，输送量差异显著。瞬时法最准确；逐层平均法次之，但误差的年际波动较大，平均法虽然简单然而误差大。     

Temporal and spatial rainfall analysis across a humid tropical catchment

Temporal and spatial rainfall patterns were analysed to describe the distribution of daily rainfall across a medium‐sized (379km²) tropical catchment. Investigations were carried out to assess whether a climatological variogram model was appropriate for mapping rainfall taking into consideration the changing rainfall characteristics through the wet season. Exploratory, frequency and moving average analyses of 30 years' daily precipitation data were used to describe the reliability and structure of the rainfall regime. Four phases in the wet season were distinguished, with the peak period (mid‐August to mid‐September) representing the wettest period. A low‐cost rain gauge network of 36 plastic gauges with overflow reservoirs was installed and monitored to obtain spatially distributed rainfall data. Geostatistical techniques were used to develop global and wet season phase climatological variograms. The unscaled climatological variograms were cross‐validated and compared using a range of rainfall events. Ordinary Kriging was used as the interpolation method. The global climatological variogram performed better, and was used to optimize the number and location of rain gauges in the network. The research showed that although distinct wet season phases could be established based on the temporal analysis of daily rainfall characteristics, the interpolation of daily rainfall across a medium‐sized catchment based on spatial analysis was better served by using the global rather than the wet season phase climatological variogram model. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中国地表感热的气候计算及其分布

讨论了我国地表感热的气候计算问题,提出以鲍文比法为基础的感热气候计算式,并据此计算出全国215站月、年平均感热通量密度,进而分析了其在全国的时空分布特点。     

昌吉市太阳总辐射的气候学计算及其变化特征分析

利用昌吉市1961—1997年的逐日气候资料,对昌吉市1961—1997年多年平均逐日太阳总辐射进行了气候学计算,并分析了其变化特征和变化趋势,结果表明:昌吉市太阳总辐射多年平均年日总量为22.82MJ.m-2.d-1,太阳总辐射在8～9月份最高,12月份最低,昌吉市的太阳总辐射呈逐年下降趋势。     

西大滩地区光合有效辐射的基本特征

利用青藏高原多年冻土北界西大滩地区2005年度的辐射及气象观测资料,分析探讨了该地区光合有效辐射(PAR)的基本特征.结果显示:PAR日变化与总辐射(Q)日变化趋势一致,表现为中午大,早晚小;晴天的日变化曲线呈单峰型,变化相对比较平滑,阴天的日变化曲线不稳定,晴天的PAR大于阴天日.PAR具有明显的季节变化特征,表现为春夏季大,秋季次之,冬季最小,最大值出现在5月,最小值出现在12月.光合有效辐射系数ηQ值阴天大,晴天小;ηQ的日变化是中午小,早晚大,年变化呈双峰型,在1.75~1.96 mol.MJ-1之间变化,年平均值为1.88 mol.MJ-1.最后,提出了适合本地区PAR的气候学计算方法.     

影响中国降水的热带气旋的气候特征分析

分析影响中国降水的热带气旋的气候特征表明,1951—2005年影响热带气旋的频数呈减少趋势,近10年其频数最小;近55年来影响热带气旋中超强台风的频数显著减少;5—11月是热带气旋影响中国的主要时期,7—9月为活跃期。影响热带气旋的源地主要有3个,源地存在明显的年代际和季节变化。影响热带气旋的路径随季节变化有明显的南北移动。影响热带气旋的影响期约为5.6个月,近55年其影响期呈缩短趋势,夏秋季的影响天数较长,冬春季较短。影响热带气旋频次的空间分布呈带状分布,由东南向西北递减,中国台湾省受热带气旋影响最频繁。影响热带气旋的年平均降水量自东南沿海向西北方向逐渐减少。     

1969—2008年海南省雾的气候特征与变化趋势

利用海南省1969—2008年观测资料,对海南雾的时空分布气候特征及变化趋势进行分析,并利用观测的最低气温、相对湿度资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料对海南雾日数变化的成因加以分析。结果表明,海南雾日数在中部山区出现最多,其次是北部地区,南半部沿海地区则极少有雾出现;雾主要出现在9月至翌年3月,年雾日数呈减少趋势;最低气温升高是引起雾日数减少的主要原因,雾日数的减少与相对湿度的减小也是一致的;秋冬和初春季节夜间气温低,有利于雾的形成;海拔越高的地区,气温越低,则生成的雾越多;雾日数显著偏多年份850hPa大陆高压偏弱,偏少年份偏强;雾日数显著偏多年份500hPa西太平洋副高强度偏弱,范围偏小,偏少年份则相反。