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The heights of the daytime convective boundary layer (CBL), computed by a one-dimensional model for a bare soil surface at a semi-arid station,Anand, during the dry and hot summer month of May 1997, are presented. As input, the model requires surface heat flux, friction velocity and air temperature as functions of time. Temperature data at the one-metre level from a tower and sonic anemometer data at 9.5 m collected during the period 13–17 May 1997 in the Land Surface Processes Experiment (LASPEX-97) are used to compute hourly values of surface heat flux, friction velocity and Obukhov length following the operational method suggested by Holtslag and Van Ulden [J. Climate Appl. Meteorol.
22,517–529 (1983)]. The model has been tested with different values for the potential temperature gradient ( ) above the inversion. The model-estimated CBL heights comparefavourably with observed heights obtained from radiosonde ascents. 相似文献
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Odim Mendes Jr. Aracy Mendes da Costa Fernando Celso Perin Bertoni 《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2006,68(18):2127-2137
For at least 30 years now it has been well known that the Dst index can be modelled using the solar wind as input. Since then, many attempts have been made to improve the predictability of Dst using different approaches. These attempts are useful, for instance, to understand which features of the solar wind–magnetosphere interactions are most important in producing magnetospheric activity and how the Dst index would improve the space weather forecast. The Dst index is by far the most reliable and simple indication that a magnetic storm is in progress. In this work, the effect of using more than four magnetic stations and shorter time intervals than the hourly averages used in Sugiura's procedures is evaluated. The discussion is based on the results presented by Burton in 1975 and Feldstein in 1984 considering 4 or 12 magnetic stations and time averages of 2.5 min for a magnetic disturbed period that occurred from February 7–28, 1967, including two geomagnetic storms. The analysis has shown that the global representation of a magnetic storm by the standard Dst (Sugiura) is well preserved either using 4, 6, 12 magnetic stations or using 1 h, 2.5 min 1 min averages. A brief review of the current understanding of Dst has been included to support the discussions. The analysis performed has shown that a more refined Dst index (time and number of stations>4) would be useful to investigate the intrinsic processes and the different current systems involved in the ring current development during magnetic storms; the standard Dst, as it is conceived, is quite adequate to monitor geomagnetic storms and identify their overall features; concerning the magnetic stations normally considered, the inclusion of higher magnetic latitude stations (>35) may underestimate the observed Dst. 相似文献
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介绍利用Access97编制科技论文登记数据库的具体过程及使用方法。通过该数据库,可以及时将发表的科技论文入库。当论文全部入库后,可以方便地进行查询及统计,从而得出有效的数据,大大提高了工作效率。 相似文献
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随着我国计算机应用水平的提高 ,计算机软件的使用日益广泛和深入。现今 ,除了各出版社使用计算机排版以外 ,许多书刊编辑部、单位办公室、高等学校等都已开始使用 ,这不仅节约了经费 ,又提高了刊物和文稿的排版质量。目前适用于科技版面排版的软件较多 ,如北大方正、华光、WORD、WPS等。北大方正和华光排版软件使用方便 ,出稿比较正规 ,但是专业性太强 ,需要记住所有的排版命令 ,技术性强 ,软件价格也昂贵 ,不便于普及使用。WPS与WORD同样是文字处理软件 ,使用菜单式命令 ,但WPS更适用于字表的处理 ,在科技版排版中某些用… 相似文献
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Global tectonics and the plate motion obtained from the ITRF97 station velocity vectors 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
~~Global tectonics and the plate motion obtained from the ITRF97 station velocity vectors@马宗晋
@任金卫
@张进~~ 相似文献
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We hypothesize that the spatial and temporal variation in large-scale soil moisture patterns can be described by a small number of spatial structures that are related to soil texture, land use, and topography. To test this hypothesis, an empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis is conducted using data from the 1997 Southern Great Plains field campaign. When considering the spatial soil moisture anomalies, one spatial structure (EOF) is identified that explains 61% of the variance, and three such structures explain 87% of the variance. The primary EOF is most highly correlated with the percent sand in the soil among the regional characteristics considered, but the correlation with percent clay is largest if only dry days are analyzed. When considering the temporal anomalies, one EOF explains 50% of the variance. This EOF is still most closely related to the percent sand, but the percent clay is unimportant. Characteristics related to land use and topography are less correlated with the spatial and temporal variation of soil moisture in the range of scales considered. 相似文献
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T.P. Kiseleva I.S. Izmailov A.A. Kiselev E.V. Khrutskaya M.Yu. Khovritchev 《Planetary and Space Science》2008,56(14):1908-1912
Astrometric and photometric observations of major planets, their satellites and asteroids have been made with the 26-in. refractor of the Pulkovo observatory during the period from 1995 to 2006. The CCD (ST6) and photographic observations were carried out. Accurate relative position of satellites of Jupiter and Saturn have been derived. The positions of Saturn have been calculated using the theoretically predicted coordinates of satellites relative to the planet without measurements of the photographic images of the planet. Also the observations of Hale-Bopp comet and Mercury transit have been made. The 26-in. refractor has been included into the international campaign PHEMU-2003: photometric CCD observations of mutual occultations and eclipses of Galilean satellites. The light curves of the events have been obtained and parameters of the events have been determined. 相似文献
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在随着2000国家大地坐标系在全国不断推广与应用,将ITRF2000框架下的坐标转换到CGCS2000框架时,需先转换到ITRF1997框架下。本文采用布尔沙-沃尔夫模型对基于不同基准的两框架之间进行坐标转换,设计了七参数求解程序,并通过实例分析验证其准确性和可靠性。 相似文献