Static Analysis of Collision Strength of Offshore Platform

In this paper a numerical analysis method combining FEM incemental technique with limit analysis concept is proposed for the study of the static strength of offshore platform in collision. Large deformation and plasticity are accounted for and the limit yield surface expressed by generalized stress for a tubular section is derived. The modified stiffness matrix of space beam element is formulated by Plastic Node Method. The buckling behavior of beam columns can also be taken into account. It can trace the generation of plastic hinges during loading and finally the ultimate strength of offshore platform against collision is obtained.     

矿山固体废弃物对地质环境的影响分析

在山西省重点地区固体废弃物现状调查研究的基础上,通过试样试验,分析研究了固体废弃物对土壤、大气、水环境的污染,探讨了对固体废弃物的治理及利用,为研究矿山生态环境地质研究提供参考,同时积累工作经验。     

慢地震慢前兆的机制研究

通过岩石高温高压破裂实验与有机玻璃破裂试验的应力—应变曲线对比、地震波形记录(观测资料)与试样破裂波形(实验资料)对比、地震前后定点应变与主破裂前后应变形态变化的对比，认为慢地震是临界或亚临界破裂或预先滑动所致，是低频应变波动。它是材料屈服、弱化或塑性变化的必然结果。而慢前兆则是临近大地震(大破裂)前出现的诸如形变、低频地震波(破裂弹性波)等的短期及临震前兆现象，它比较可靠。但由于许多岩石主破裂前并无明显的临界破裂或预滑动现象，也并非所有岩石都一定出现明显屈服，所以也并非每个地震前都有慢地震，因此，也就不一定都出现低频波动。从而，也并不一定都出现相同的短期、临震前兆现象。     

俄罗斯油气钻采废弃物处理及其利用研究

生态安全和环境保护是世界各国都非常关心的问题。地质钻探和石油天然气钻采工作中产生大量废弃物,直接影响生态安全和环境保护,给经济建设和人民生活带来很大的负面影响。俄罗斯钻探工作者对此进行了研究,取得了一定效果。他们主要采用综合处理方法和磁化处理方法。利用这2种方法,废弃物不仅可以再生,而且还可以二次使用,有一定的创新和实际意义,值得引起我们的重视,建议对此进行研究与讨论。     

地质聚合物技术的发展近况

概要介绍了一种无机聚合物———地质聚合物。首先对地质聚合物材料的制备过程作了介绍。根据原料的不同,地质聚合物材料的制备可以有两种途径:一种是以偏高岭石为基础原料,一种是以粉煤灰为主要原料。通常以硅酸钠水溶液作为单体硅源,氢氧化钠溶液作为碱激发剂以提高原料的溶出性。对某些在常温和低于100 ℃下制备的独石材料作了介绍。对煅烧高岭石,叶蜡石,粉煤灰和钢渣的溶出特性作了阐述。应用SEM EDX,对以粉煤灰为原料的地质聚合物材料的化学组成作了分析。最后对地质聚合物材料的经济性以及在环境保护等领域的应用前景,特别是在减少二氧化碳排放与废弃物处理方面的意义作了介绍。     

在某污染的工业废物填埋场环境水文 地质评价中的同位素水文学研究

本文论述了某污染的工业废物填埋场场址的地质、水文地质条件,应用水化学方法、环境同位素技术(地下水中氚及氢、氧稳定同位素)和同位素单孔示踪技术等同位素水文学领域中的新方法对区内地下水的活动条件以及填埋场场址区分布的第四系孔隙潜水和第三纪红层孔隙-裂隙水的成因进行了分析,测量并确定了填埋场下部地下水的流速及流向。研究结果表明场区地下水的运动与地表水无直接水力联系。污染的工业废物填埋后不会通过地下水的迁移造成对地表水的污染,进而证实填埋场的地质、水文地质条件对处置污染的工业废物是安全可靠的。     

城市垃圾的地质处置

城市固体废物（城市垃圾）是国际上现代化城市环境污染的主要污染源之一,发达国家非常注重固体废物地质处置的研究,这一领域是环境工程与水资源工作者研究的热点问题。我国城市垃圾对环境的污染非常严重,目前有三分之二的城市已形成“垃圾包围城市”的严重局面。随着经济的发展,我国城市固体废物的数量增长很快。如何处理庞大的城市垃圾将是关系到经济发展、水资源和环境保护的重大问题。本文介绍了我国城市垃圾的现状和目前国际     

Early microbial biofilm formation on marine plastic debris

An important aspect of the global problem of plastic debris pollution is plastic buoyancy. There is some evidence that buoyancy is influenced by attached biofilms but as yet this is poorly understood. We submerged polyethylene plastic in seawater and sampled weekly for 3 weeks in order to study early stage processes. Microbial biofilms developed rapidly on the plastic and coincided with significant changes in the physicochemical properties of the plastic. Submerged plastic became less hydrophobic and more neutrally buoyant during the experiment. Bacteria readily colonised the plastic but there was no indication that plastic-degrading microorganisms were present. This study contributes to improved understanding of the fate of plastic debris in the marine environment.     

Structural improvement of age-hardened gypsum-treated bauxite red mud waste using readily decomposable phyto-organics

Several years (7) after incidental lithification by added gypsum, the effect of crushing and phyto-organics on some physical properties of red mud wastes (RMW) was examined under laboratory conditions. It was hypothesized that mechanically breaking up the hardened masses would increase their permeability. However, on the contrary, crushing these rock-hard masses into <2-mm particles did not increase permeability. A phyto-organic treatment on the other hand greatly improved permeability of the crushed entities such that infiltration rates increased from 0 to 10 cm/h. After 24 weeks of incubation, the structure of the newly formed phyto-organically treated gypsum-hardened RMW aggregates was also substantially improved over that of the controls, as a >3-fold increase in resistance to disintegration during wet sieving was exhibited by the phyto-organically treated samples. The increase in water infiltration by combining crushing with phyto-organic applications was ascribed to a decrease in particle dispersion, creating more stable clay clusters, which in turn stabilized channels and pores. Conversely, it was concluded that the singular crushing of gypsum-hardened bauxite waste in the waste dumps is potentially wasteful and ineffective.