大黄鱼皮肤溃烂病病原的研究

从福建省厦门西海域某渔排养殖大黄鱼(Pseudosciaena cyogga)患皮肤溃烂病的肝脏、肌肉分离到2株优势菌。人工感染试验证实其中1株为致病菌。该菌的主要生理生化特性为革兰氏阴性，短杆状，极生单鞭毛，发酵葡萄糖，氧化酶阳性，赖氨酸脱羧酶、鸟氨酸脱羧酶阳性，精氨酸脱羧酶、水杨素、枸橼酸盐阴性，不产生H2S，利用葡萄糖、甘露醇产酸，对O／129(10μg)不敏感。在含0％，10％NaCl的普通培养基上不生长；在含2％，4％，6％，8％NaCl的普通培养基中生长；在温度30，35，40℃下生长良好，但4℃不生长。初步鉴定该病原菌为副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)。药敏试验表明，该菌对卡那霉素、复方新诺明、链霉素等10种药物敏感，对青霉素G、氨苄青霉素、利福平等6种药物不敏感。     

硫酸皮肤素寡糖的分离与制备

利用软骨素酶 ABC (Chondroitinase ABC,EC4 .2 .2 .4 )对硫酸皮肤素 (Dermatan Sul-fate,DS)进行控制降解。对得到的混合寡糖首先采用低压凝胶渗透色谱 (L PGPC)进行分级 ,然后对每一组分再利用强阴离子交换高压液相色谱 (SAX- HPL C)进行分离 ,最终制备出聚合度为 2 ,4 ,6 ,8,10 ,12的寡糖纯品。寡糖纯度采用 SAX- HPL C,毛细管电泳 (CE)以及聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)进行检验 ,结构采用电喷雾离子化质谱 (ESI- MS)以及核磁共振波谱 (NMR)技术确定     

Environmental geohydrochemistry and health of the high altitude population in Ladakh

Background： Radiographic signs of Pneumoconiosis found in farming Ladakhi despite absences of mines and industries were believed to be due to exposure to frequent dust storms and domestic fire pollutions. Seasonal Koilonychia （spoon nail） occurring predominantly in farming women in absences of iron deficiency anaemia was thought to arise from exposure to water made alkaline by weathering of hornblende minerals. The relation of these health conditions to environmental geohydrochemistry is postulated as the source of irrigation water in the affected population originates from glaciers in trans-Himalaya range of sedimentary geology and steep landscape favouring flushing of silica/silicate containing silts. Methods and results： Survey in two central Ladakh villages revealed radiographic evidence of silicosis in all middle aged women and half in middle aged men. In a large-scale study of 3105 subjects aged over 30 years from three villages; 101 （22.5%） of the 449 radiographed showed signs of pneumoconiosis （ILO 1980 criteria） including eggshell calcification of hilar gland and progressive massive fibrosis. Indoor dust analyzed using Philips 400T electron microscope with energy dispersive analysis system attached showed SiO2 levels upto 53.27% with particle size of 0.5 to 5.0 microns and the concentration during cooking period in the worst affected area was 7.495 mg/m^3. Microscopy and histopathology from the subject was characteristic of pneumoconiosis. Analysis of the inorganic dust in the lung showed 40.2% muscovite, 37.3% quartz with the extracted dust wt 147.9 mg/gm of dry tissue. Prevalence of chronic cough with chronic phlegm and percentage of villagers with FEV1/FVC ratio of less than 65% rose with age. Of 70 subjects studied 19 women and 2 men had Koilonychia with incidence being highest in summer. Absence of seasonal Koilonychia in villages fed by water derived from northern mountain range glaciers with mainly igneous geology supports our hypothesis.     

Natural siliceous dust and human health： Pathways, toxicity, and impact

Fine atmospheric dust includes mineral particles and aggregates, fibrous minerals and fibrous organic material. Generation, dislodgement and transport （deflation） of natural dust with the finer （〈4 microns） components suspended as silt-size aggregates, is widespread in and adjacent to the world＇s drylands, as well as deriving from volcanic vents. Silica is a highly fibrogenic agent in lung tissue. Long-term inhaling of siliceous dusts can lead to a number of fibrotic lung diseases, including natural （non-occupational） pneumoconioses （notably silicosis, but including asbestosis and others）. Different polymorphs of silica show different levels of toxicity in interaction with lung tissue. Particles with highly active surfaces may release radicals, causing cell damage. Some types of inhaled particulates are degraded by macrophages, but many are highly resistant and persist in the lungs, some stimulating fibroblastic cells to deposit collagen. Silicosis is an inflammation of the lung commonly caused by silicate mineral particles, leading to fibrosis. Three types are recognized： nodular pulmonary fibrosis （simple or chronic silicosis）, acute silicosis, and accelerated silicosis. Generally, finer particulates have greater oxidative capacity than the coarser fractions. They contain more reactive oxygen species, their greater bioreactivity making them more toxic to pulmonary tissue. Nevertheless, inhalation of large dust particles （〉 10μm） may constitute a health risk if the mineralogy is toxic, regardless of where the grains lodge in the respiratory system. Dust may absorb harmful gases, disease-generating bacteria and carcinogenic hydrocarbon compounds. Silica-related respiratory disease may also an exacerbate cardiac problem, and epidemiology suggests a link with tuberculosis. Quantification of dust loading and exposure requires study of spatial and temporal patterns, supported by meteorological analysis, airflow modeling and satellite-borne imagery. Some acute, short-term health impacts have been assessed using atmospheric and health records both before and after a dust storm or by comparison of populations within and outside such events. Analysis of the size, shape, mineralogy and geochemistry of ambient dust particulates provides information on natural dust sources, dust concentrations, and potential particulate toxicity, as well as providing a datum for assessment of human exposure levels.     

Methylmercury and human biomarkers： Questioning the evidence

Methylmercury （MeHg） is a powerful neurotoxicant in humans. In terms of biomarkers of MeHg exposure, hair and blood have long been used in epidemiological studies as the biomarkers of choice. In fact, total hair mercury （Hg） content as well as organic blood Hg concentrations reflects exposure to organic Hg from food consumption. Extensive studies, establishing a constant and linear relation between MeHg intake versus Hg levels in hair and blood, were conducted by governmental officials to establish guidelines on safe levels of MeHg exposure, which were translated into threshold daily fish consumption rates （usually expressed as μg MeHg per kg bodyweight）. Nowadays, in most epidemiologic studies blood or hair mercury （Hg） level is commonly used as a valid proxy to estimate human exposure to methylmercury （MeHg） through fish consumption without relating this signal to actual fish consumption patterns among populations. Human variability in mercury toxicokinetics was identified and measurement error has been pointed out to be a substantial contributor to observed variability, particularly where dietary information is retrospective and self-reported. However, experimental evidence indicates that significant variability among individuals may exist in the biokinetics of mercury. Also recent findings from previous population-based studies through COMERN initiative also revealed that MeHg metabolic processes might greatly vary across populations. In fact, it is unlikely that the magnitude of the difference measured between observed and expected levels of mercury, given the reported intake, can be entirely explained by laboratory measurement errors or reporting bias.     

舞台、影视化妆中人物皮肤及毛发塑造之探索

化妆是一项集艺术创作和技术制作于一身的综合性工作,人物皮肤及毛发造型具有立体造型观念及特殊的表现力,在舞台和影视化妆中发挥着重要的作用。     

皮肤图像分析系统对祛斑类化妆品功效评价的研究

目的是探索如何获得不同色素性皮肤病的清晰图像，研制出操作简单、自动化与精度高的皮肤图像分析系统。方法：应用多光谱皮肤显微偏振光与数字图像处理技术，测量目标皮损形状、面积、灰度、积分光密度及色素颜色参数的变化等。结果：用祛斑类化妆品和药物治疗136例黄褐斑、经该系统测量分析后各治疗组相关参数随时间的推移呈下降趋势，而药物组与对照组相比各参数值明显下降、与各组相比均有显著差异（P＜0．05），并提出客观的疗效评定单位“ID”值。结论：该系统是一种潜力较大的皮肤表面色素定量工具，客观性和重复性好，灵敏度高，不对观察对象造成损伤，在临床获得满意效果。     

矿产资源对人体健康的影响及其对策--以四川省为例

随着社会的发展,人类对矿产资源的需求量日益增大.而某种程度上,一些国家或地区的环境污染状况,总是与这些国家和地区的矿产资源的富集程度、开发和利用水平相关联,以下就四川省矿产资源对人体健康影响及其对策加以分析.1 四川省矿产资源和人口密度分布特点四川境内分布的矿产资源中22种元素和矿种对人体健     

炭疽成了恐怖武器

在美英开始对阿富汗塔利班政权开始军事打击后，美国国内先后传出了几例病人感染炭疽病的消息，日前已经有感染死亡，美有关部门在经过调查后否定了自然感染的原因，已经初步认定此事可能与恐怖袭击有关。