1995年世界气候概况

１９９５年，世界气候普遍偏暖。欧亚大陆大部、北美大陆中部、南美大陆中部、非洲西北部的年平均气温大多偏高１－２℃，其中俄罗斯大部、美国西南部显著偏高，部分地区偏高４℃，北半球中高纬度地区冬暖非常显著。由于北半球中纬度地区，许多测站气温高达３５－４０℃，为近几十年乃至百年一遇。年内，全球许多地区旱涝频繁，诸如年初欧洲的暴风雪与美国加利福尼亚洲的特大洪水及夏季朝鲜、与中南半岛的大水灾、加勒比海的飓风等危     

世界早期历史地震史料的比较研究(待续)

通过对各国地震最早记载及其背景性证据的分析;用时间差分序列的双对数法,进行了地震记载资料丰富程度的探讨;研究了3700年前的全球地震活跃期;给出了公元前2221年至公元1900年105个国家(地区)的资料。     

世界工程地质学的新潮流

本文论述近几年国际国内工程地质大会研究的重点主题及其变化以及最近(今年8月在日本东京)召开的29届国际地质大会讨论的环境问题,从而反映了世界工程地质学研究的趋势。     

An IEEE value loop of human-technology collaboration in geospatial information science

ABSTRACT

Geosensing and social sensing as two digitalization mainstreams in big data era are increasingly converging toward an integrated system for the creation of semantically enriched digital Earth. Along with the rapid developments of AI technologies, this convergence has inevitably brought about a number of transformations. On the one hand, value-adding chains from raw data to products and services are becoming value-adding loops composed of four successive stages – Informing, Enabling, Engaging and Empowering (IEEE). Each stage is a dynamic loop for itself. On the other hand, the “human versus technology” relationship is upgraded toward a game-changing “human and technology” collaboration. The information loop is essentially shaped by the omnipresent reciprocity between humans and technologies as equal partners, co-learners and co-creators of new values.

The paper gives an analytical review on the mutually changing roles and responsibilities of humans and technologies in the individual stages of the IEEE loop, with the aim to promote a holistic understanding of the state of the art of geospatial information science. Meanwhile, the author elicits a number of challenges facing the interwoven human-technology collaboration. The transformation to a growth mind-set may take time to realize and consolidate. Research works on large-scale semantic data integration are just in the beginning. User experiences of geovisual analytic approaches are far from being systematically studied. Finally, the ethical concerns for the handling of semantically enriched digital Earth cover not only the sensitive issues related to privacy violation, copyright infringement, abuse, etc. but also the questions of how to make technologies as controllable and understandable as possible for humans and how to keep the technological ethos within its constructive sphere of societal influence.     

基于多协议的地理信息服务集成

设计了多协议地理信息服务集成框架,探讨解决了其中的关键问题,实现了从不同地理信息服务获取的影像数据、矢量数据和DEM数据的无缝集成。     

基于SuperMap IS.NET的地图网站设计与实现

地图网站是地理空间信息面向公众发布的最好形式。以湖南地图网(www.dzmap.cn)为例,介绍了基于SuperMap IS.NET的地图网站的服务定位、地图数据分析与处理,并讨论了网络地图发布平台架构、网络地图功能与属性数据库设计、数据更新等方面的设计与实现。     

穿过张家口—渤海地震带西缘的折射剖面所揭示的地壳上地幔构造与速度结构

近期完成的北北东向的繁峙～太仆寺旗宽角反射／折射剖面,由山西断隆进入内蒙地轴,它穿过了山西地震带的大同～阳高震区和北西西向张家口～渤海地震带的西北缘。其主要目的是探测研究张～渤地震带及其两侧壳幔构造与速度结构的差异及其与地震活动的相关性。结果表明：张～渤地震带壳内界面及莫霍面较其两侧有１．０～２．０ｋｍ的不同程度的上隆;在阳原～张家口之间地壳结构纵向与横向非均匀性明显,上地壳和下地壳上部有局部的速度逆转,下地壳下部的低速层由山西断隆一直延伸至内蒙地轴,上地幔顶部的速度梯度明显增大;在阳原、怀安和张北附近分别存在着延伸至莫霍面的地壳深断裂带;在内蒙地轴一系列壳内界面不明显。     

世界各地地洼构造

全文分三部分。第一部分介绍地洼学说及其引伸或分支学派,第二部分概述国内外学者介绍、引用、评述和发展地洼学说的情况,第三部分叙述世界各地地洼构造。     

AVERAGE GLOBAL LOCATIONS

Global distributions are commonly described by maps and tables which emphasize the dispersion of a distribution. The Mean Spheroidal Center (M.S.C.) defines the average location of a world distribution. It is an objectively determined point within the sphere's surface. The M.S.C. calculations are demonstrated using the world's 25 largest cities in each of four time periods.     

语义Web本体语言及OWL研究

面对Internet应用模式的变化和Web海量信息的冲击,Web信息个性化、智能化的研究不断深入.语义Web规划对当前的万维网进行扩展,期望用加入信息中的语义内容导航信息资源检索并提高网络服务的智能化,使机器自动与人协同工作.目前,虽然语义Web还是个理想模型,但将语义Web融入现有Web结构进行信息智能开发的初步努力已经展开.特别是随着对本体技术研究的日渐深入,OWL本体理论探索和应用开发逐渐受到广泛重视.