Spatial inference with an interchangeable rule format

Rule interchange between information systems is expanding as new interoperable rule formats are emerging from research. However, existing spatial inference systems generally operate on locally stored data with an internal rule format. Consequently, their design offers little support or facilities for rule interchange. This article presents the requirements, components and design for a spatial inference system with rule interchange. Computational efficiency and overall functionality of the design are considered separately, with the latter demonstrated using encoded agricultural legislation and data. A spatial inference system with rule interchange is based on three primary components: rule representation, spatial functionality and data integration. Of these, the interoperable rule representation and data integration distinctly differ from existing spatial inference systems. The presented inference system combines a spatial superset of the W3C Rule Interchange Format (RIF) with full Open Geospatial Consortium simple feature access (OGC SFA) functionality and on-demand data integration utilising Resource Deception Framework (RDF). The design was found to be effective with a computational efficiency depending predominantly on the spatial operations. This design could be further adapted to implement spatial extensions for existing inference systems. Considerable benefits were also discovered when RIF was used as the native language for the inference engine, thereby removing the need for rule transformations and facilitating on-demand data integration with the GML.     

Maps as Knowledge Aggregators: from Renaissance Italy Fra Mauro to Web Search Engines

Abstract

For many years geological students have been graduating from universities with little knowledge of how to use the cartographic language of line, letter, symbol and tone by which the distribution and spatial arrangement of earth science data can be best expressed. The author discusses the development of the teaching of geological cartography in the Department of Earth Sciences at the University of Leeds. Details of this innovation are set against the background of data obtained from a recent questionnaire on the practice of cartography as a discipline in departments of geology in British universities.     

Chikyû Bankoku Sankai Yochi Zenzu Setsu: The First Japanese World Map with Latitudes and Longitudes and with an Extensive Japanese Explanatory Note

In the early 1780s, Nagakubo Sekisui, the first Japanese scientific geographer, published a world map containing latitudes and longitudes, based on Matteo Ricci's map of 1602. The map and its extensive explanatory text had a considerable impact on the educated classes of the late Edo Period (1603–1868) toward their new vision of the world. We are providing here an analysis of the map and the first complete English translation of Nagakubo Sekisui's most interesting, long explanatory text.     

Spatiotemporal seismic hazard and risk assessment of M9.0 megathrust earthquake sequences of wood‐frame houses in Victoria,British Columbia,Canada

Megathrust earthquake sequences, comprising mainshocks and triggered aftershocks along the subduction interface and in the overriding crust, can impact multiple buildings and infrastructure in a city. The time between the mainshocks and aftershocks usually is too short to retrofit the structures; therefore, moderate‐size aftershocks can cause additional damage. To have a better understanding of the impact of aftershocks on city‐wide seismic risk assessment, a new simulation framework of spatiotemporal seismic hazard and risk assessment of future M9.0 sequences in the Cascadia subduction zone is developed. The simulation framework consists of an epidemic‐type aftershock sequence (ETAS) model, ground‐motion model, and state‐dependent seismic fragility model. The spatiotemporal ETAS model is modified to characterise aftershocks of large and anisotropic M9.0 mainshock ruptures. To account for damage accumulation of wood‐frame houses due to aftershocks in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, state‐dependent fragility curves are implemented. The new simulation framework can be used for quasi‐real‐time aftershock hazard and risk assessments and city‐wide post‐event risk management.     

GEOGRAPHY IN THREE WORLDS: HOW POPPER'S SYSTEM CAN HELP ELUCIDATE DICHOTOMIES AND CHANGES IN THE DISCIPLINE*

Popper's concept of Worlds 1. 2, and 3 is discussed briefly in the light of idealism and materialism and to illustrate the debate about reification and reductionism. Then six types of change in geography are classified as changes in the phenomenal environment (World 1) and in that part of the behavioral environment that constitutes World 3. These changes involve those comparisons within or between “Worlds” that identify future research problems.     

市级人大常委会信息查询系统

政府信息化是社会信息化的基础，在此介绍了一个政府上网系统的具体实现技术，系统采用了C／S方式，客户端用浏览器实现系统的各项功能，对数据库的访问通过IDS实现。     

Protecting the national parks and the world heritage sites in China: challenge and strategy

To protect the richness, diversity and uniqueness of China's ecosystems and landscapes, more than 150 national parks (named "National scenic and historic interest areas" in China), 85 national geoparks and 230 national nature reserves have been delimited nationwide. In addition, a total of 30 world heritage sites (4 mixed, 4 natural, 22 cultural), 24 biosphere reserves and 8 world geoparks have been ratified for China in a short time by the UNESCO. Unfortunately, most of these national and…     

Study of living fossil of historic cities--taking historic city Ping Yao in world heritage list as an example

1 About "Living Fossil"Some things like stones turned from the bodies of ancient living beings underground are called "fossils" in archaeology. We can know the evolvement of living beings and make sure the age of the stratum by studying fossils[1].The city is one of the most important geographic phenomena engendered because of human activities. First of all, it is because of rarity that the historic cities in world heritage list are assimilated to "living fossils". They normally exerted grea…     

夹金山脉大熊猫栖息地自然遗产的国家公园管理模式

大熊猫栖息地是全球关注的生态系统和价值最突出的自然遗产之一。夹金山脉既是重要的大熊猫栖息地,又是独特的风景区域,“四川大熊猫栖息地———卧龙.四姑娘山.夹金山脉”世界自然遗产已获得了联合国教科文组织第30届世界遗产委员会的提名。目前的以省级为主的多个风景名胜区与自然保护区分别管理,已不能满足保护其突出的遗产价值的要求。作者提出从国家层面上,规划夹金山脉大熊猫栖息地国家公园统一整体管理该项遗产,以增强有效管理能力。然后讨论了夹金山脉在生物多样性保护上的重要性与风景资源价值,论证了国家公园的管理模式,并从国际上关于国家公园的界定、中国国家公园的法律依据、国家公园管理世界自然遗产,分析了国家公园管理大熊猫栖息地自然遗产的可行性。     

当代西方区域规划研究的主要流派及对我国的思考

本文研究内容主要包括当代西方区域规划研究的主要流派与趋势、国内区域规划研究的现状与存在的主要问题和关于我国新一轮区域规划的思考三大部分。研究认为:(1)我国新一轮的区域规划必需纠正长期以来形成的,目前还在继续影响的“区域规划就是生产力的总体布局,是国民经济与社会发展计划在地域上的空间落实与延伸”的错误观点和习惯作法;(2)必需破除计划经济体制背景下形成的区域规划较强的“自上而下”的强制性控制色彩;(3)必需厘清政府与市场的关系和功能区别,从而为我国经济、社会和政治生态的和谐、稳定和可持续发展服务,为社会主义市场经济制度的不断完善作出贡献;(4)必需以制度的方法对我国新阶段如何规范区域规划研究、有效开展区域规划实践等重大问题进行深层次的思考,加强对新时期我国区域规划法理、法据和法序框架与组织和实施机制的探索;(5)必需以科学发展观和“五个”统筹为指导思想,以新区域主义的基本理念、研究视角与理论方法为基础,通过对我国区域规划理论体系和观念的全面更新与内涵的拓展,重点研究适合我国国情的新概念的区域规划理论体系基本构架与实施方法和管理体制的创新等问题。