面向文化遗产的全国1:100万地形数据库扩充研究与实现

本文首先论述了全国1∶100万地形数据库的现状,对其进行扩充的必要性及扩充原则,同时叙述了选取全国重点文物保护单位和世界遗产这两个文化要素对数据库进行扩充的原因和意义;接着列举了扩充数据库时选用的资料源及更新和扩充的方法,最后将在此基础上建立的两个数据层的空间内容及属性信息通过图表进行了表现。文化遗产在地形数据库中的扩充,不仅丰富了数据库的内容,而且能够使更多的人了解我国灿烂的民族文化和丰富的自然遗产。文章同时对今后的工作做了展望。     

Spatiotemporal seismic hazard and risk assessment of M9.0 megathrust earthquake sequences of wood‐frame houses in Victoria,British Columbia,Canada

Megathrust earthquake sequences, comprising mainshocks and triggered aftershocks along the subduction interface and in the overriding crust, can impact multiple buildings and infrastructure in a city. The time between the mainshocks and aftershocks usually is too short to retrofit the structures; therefore, moderate‐size aftershocks can cause additional damage. To have a better understanding of the impact of aftershocks on city‐wide seismic risk assessment, a new simulation framework of spatiotemporal seismic hazard and risk assessment of future M9.0 sequences in the Cascadia subduction zone is developed. The simulation framework consists of an epidemic‐type aftershock sequence (ETAS) model, ground‐motion model, and state‐dependent seismic fragility model. The spatiotemporal ETAS model is modified to characterise aftershocks of large and anisotropic M9.0 mainshock ruptures. To account for damage accumulation of wood‐frame houses due to aftershocks in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, state‐dependent fragility curves are implemented. The new simulation framework can be used for quasi‐real‐time aftershock hazard and risk assessments and city‐wide post‐event risk management.     

基于Web Service的GIS多源数据集成模型研究

从分析目前GIS数据格式的多样化和数据转换的复杂性出发,在Web Service技术规范和OpenGIS服务框架的基础上提出了GIS多源数据集成模型。对模型的Web子系统层、服务注册层、统一管理层以及编码四个部分进行了详细的描述,最后介绍了应用该模型实现对多源数据的访问过程。     

Global Miocene tectonics and the modern world

An amazing congruence of seemingly unrelated, diverse global events began in the Middle and Upper Miocene and established our modern world. Two global orogenic belts were active, mostly in the Middle and Upper Miocene, while backarc basins formed along the eastern margin of Asia. Coincident with these events global temperatures cooled in both the ocean and atmosphere, desertification occurred from Central Asia into and across most of northern Africa and also in Australia, and in southern South America. Coincident with the expansion of the Antarctic ice cap at 14 Ma, there was initial widespread deep sea erosion and changes in patterns of deep sea sedimentation. Muddy pelagic sedimentation increased six-fold in the North and Central Atlantic and Pacific Oceans and global changes in circulation lead to more diatomites in the Pacific and fewer in the Atlantic. By the end of the Miocene most of the Mediterranean Sea had evaporated. Broadly coincident with these events, many old, large river systems were destroyed and new ones formed as much of the world's landscape changed. Collectively, these global on-shore tectonic and ocean-atmospheric events provide the foundation for our modern world—a mixture of new and rejuvenated orogenic belts and their far-field effects (distant epiorogenic uplift, rain-shadow deserts, large alluvial aprons, and distant deltas) as inherited Gondwanan landscapes persisted remote from plate boundaries. Thus at the end of the Miocene much of the world's landscape, except for that changed by Pleistocene continental glaciation, would be recognizable to us today.We argue that all of these events had the same ultimate common cause-an internal Earth engine-that drove plate motions in two broad ways: first, the opening and closing of seven key gateways to deep-water oceanic currents radically altered global heat transfer and changed a lingering Greenhouse to an Icehouse world; secondly, these events were in part coincident with renewed heat flow in the African and Pacific Superplumes that energized global plate motions in the Middle and Upper Miocene. We hope this global synthesis will stimulate more research on the many global events of the Miocene—to understand better both our modern world and earlier global orogenies.     

基于元数据的地理空间信息Web服务及其开发研究

地理空间信息Web服务的基础是元数据,通过元数据接口可以有效地发现和提供地理空间信息服务。基于CSDGM标准,分析和扩展地理空间信息服务模块,包括1个复合元素和11个数据元素。提出2种基于元数据的地理空间信息Web发布模式,并从服务角度对二者进行了比较。结合第2种模式分析了地理空间信息服务的关键技术,并进行了应用实例验证。     

福建省含煤区推覆、滑脱构造

推覆、滑脱构造为福建省主要控煤构造,但在其南、北两段含煤区的表现迥然不同。北段滑脱强度大,为大规模由隆起向坳陷（由西向东）逆冲的推覆构造型式,而南段滑脱强度相对较小,为两侧向向斜中部对冲的推覆构造型式。究其原因,除公认的软硬岩层相间、隆起坳陷的位能差异原因外,还认为北段的宽缓波状带、南段的向背斜序列带以及北西走滑性断裂的分割作用是造成该推覆、滑脱活动迥异的基本因素。研究这些规律,对福建省新一轮找煤工作有重要的指导作用。     

网络地图制图中的主要问题及其解决方案

本文介绍了网络地图制图的概念和分类,探讨了当前网络地图制图面临的主要问题,包括网络地图信息发布的结构模式、网络地图设计需要考虑的因素以及缩放的非自适应性等,根据国内外相关的研究及GML与SVG技术的最新进展给出了初步的解决方案。     

武汉市二等水准复测的实施精度及其地学意义

武汉市原二等水准网的基本状况和使用的矛盾、复测网的实施和精度、高程变化的地学意义等几个有关问题进行了分析,从而认为,进行周期复测和增设基岩水准点对提高水准网精度有着十分重要的作用。     

Aligning public participation with local environmental knowledge in complex marine social-ecological systems

The incorporation of local and traditional knowledges into environmental governance regimes is increasingly recognised as a critical component of effective and equitable conservation efforts. However, there remain significant barriers to integration of community-based knowledge within mainstream environmental governance. This paper explores community-based knowledge in the context of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), a widely-used governance tool designed to predict and manage the impacts of development. Drawing on a social survey and interviews, the paper documents local community knowledge of environmental changes associated with dredging and the construction of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) plants in a large industrial harbour located in the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area, and compares this knowledge with public consultation opportunities offered throughout the project lifecycle, including during assessment and after project approval. The findings highlight a misalignment between community knowledge of environmental change, which is acquired largely after impacts become apparent, and the public participation opportunities afforded through EIA, which generally occur before construction or dredging is undertaken.     

考虑相似度和可信度的模糊自适应Web服务选择

提出了一种基于模糊方法并考虑用户评价属性(相似度和可信度)的Web选择算法,从Web服务质量数据来源角度对服务质量的属性进行了分类和计算.对非功能质量属性,使用模糊控制的度量方法,将非功能属性值转换成0～1之间的实数值.使用反馈相似度和可信度相结合的方法,将最终的推荐权值推荐给用户.该方法的提出有助于提高Web服务选择结果的准确性.