《系列世界地图》及其应用与推广

《系列世界地图》是本世纪初诞生在我国的创新性地图作品,该图以东、西、南、北四种视角,从经度、纬度两种方向,准确地将世界地理和中国与世界的地理关系完整地展现在读者面前.本文回顾了新编《系列世界地图》的研制过程和基本概况,给出了近几年《系列世界地图》在国家科考、国防科研和地学研究中的应用事例,介绍了《系列世界地图》的普及和推广情况.     

数字福建生态网中电子地图网页的设计与实现

结合数字福建生态网的设计开发,重点介绍其中的电子地图网页的设计方法,对栅格电子地图在网站中的应用进行了初步探索。     

坚持资源调查与环境评价并举开展好新一轮国土资源大调查

新一轮国土资源大调查是依据新的形势要求开展的一项重要工作,开展新一轮国土资源大调查必须体现了一个“新”了,创新是新一轮国土资源大调查的灵魂。在开展新一轮国土资源大调查时,一定要有新思路,尤其在战略上要坚持“资源调查与环境评价并举”的原则,在加强资源调查工作的同时,大力开展环境评价工作。     

地壳应力观测与研究

概要介绍了全球地壳应力观测与研究的新进展,重点阐述了深部地应力测量研究的现状和测试方法以及用于地震观测和工程监测的地应力测量新技术,并分析了我国地应力测量及研究工作与国际上存在的差距,以期引起人们对这一问题的关注。     

当代世界的矿产资源

论述了最近５０年来世界矿产资源供求关系的变化和现状,着重讨论了独联体国家、北美地区西欧国家、中欧和东欧国家、日本、澳大利亚和南非共和国、欧佩克国家的矿产资源情况。俄罗斯仍是矿产资源大国,但矿山开采工业每况愈下,许多矿种没有清楚的探明储量。独联体一些国家某些矿种储量大,但没有维持经济正常发展的其它矿种。美国的某些矿种储量大,但其它矿种不足,例如石油、天然气、煤、铝、铜、铅、锌、锡、镍、钴、钨等需求量     

Food web manipulation by extreme enhancement of piscivory: an invertebrate predator compensates for the effects of planktivorous fish on a plankton community

By enhancing the stock of piscivorous fish in a whole-lake experiment in Gräfenhain (Germany) since 1981 to such an extent that almost all planktivorous fish were exterminated, we examined the concept of “over-biomanipulation”. This hypothesis predicts that (a) extremely strong piscivory will allow uncontrolled development of large invertebrate predators and (b) these invertebrates can exert the same strong predation pressure on large herbivorous zooplankton as planktivorous fish. The hypothesis is tested the first time by a cross-comparison of the long-term response of the plankton community structure in the experimental lake (Piscivore L.) with (1) the intermediate response in the same lake and with (2) that of the long-term state in a nearby reference lake (Planktivore L.) densely inhabited by planktivorous fish (Leucaspius delineatus, a small cyprinid). The intermediate (1989–1992) response in Piscivore L. revealed a strong increase of the abundance of the invertebrate predator Chaoborus flavicans. Large daphnids were able to coexist with C. flavicans so that edible phytoplankton were suppressed and water transparency increased.As part (a) of the hypothesis predicts, the long-term response in Piscivore L. was characterized by the immigration of the larger predator Chaoborus obscuripes which displaced the smaller C. flavicans completely. The results support also part (b) of the hypothesis of “over-biomanipulation”: C. obscuripes-dominated Piscivore L. showed not much difference in biomasses of daphnids and total and edible phytoplankton as well as Secchi depth compared with fish-dominated Planktivore Lake. On the other hand, C. obscuripes-dominated Piscivore L. was characterized by distinctly lower biomass of daphnids, mean body volume of all crustaceans and Secchi depth as well as by higher biomass of edible phytoplankton compared with C. flavicans-dominated Piscivore Lake. We conclude that long-lasting success of biomanipulation cannot be achieved by extremely high piscivory leading to the almost complete extermination of planktivorous fish.     

地面核磁共振找水仪及其在水文地质调查工作中的应用研究

本文概要介绍了地面核磁共振找水方法的原理和世界上最新的直接探查地下水的仪器设备--地面核磁感应系统的特点,并以实例说明了NMR找水方法的应用效果,提出了关于提高NUMIS系统抗干扰能力、完善解释方法、研制系列仪器等方面的建议.     

《世界经济地理》教材建设初探

本文试图从理论上探讨世界经济地理研究的依据和体系,及讨论现行教材编写中存在的问题,提出编写的新建议。由于世界经验地理侧重研究经济区－－经济地域－－经济地域系统及其运动规律,因而存在着经济区域级别差异。为此,本文认为教材编写时条件要素要与经济地域和经济地域系统形成发展过程－起进行讨论,要体现研究对象的等级层次关系,突出城市或城市群的地位与作用,并要加强国家经济国际化进程对经济地域形成发展的影响作用。     

面向服务的政务地理信息共享平台设计与实现

对面向服务的体系构架进行了阐述,对政务地理信息共享的关键技术进行了研究,以武汉市为例,开发了面向服务的政务地理空间信息共享平台,该平台在武汉市政务专网上得到了广泛的应用。     

Seasonal dynamics of trophic relationships among co-occurring suspension-feeders in two shellfish culture dominated ecosystems

The temporal dynamics of carbon and nitrogen isotope values of co-occurring suspension-feeders in two shellfish culture areas (Normandy, France) were investigated over two years to evaluate the inter-specific trophic partitioning and relative contributions of organic matter sources to benthic suspension-feeders' diet. Oysters (Crassostrea gigas), mussels (Mytilus edulis), cockles (Cerastoderma edule), slipper limpets (Crepidula fornicata), and sand-mason worms (Lanice conchilega) were sampled in an estuarine environment (Baie des Veys, east Cotentin, Normandy), while oysters, mussels, slipper limpets, and honeycomb worms (Sabellaria alveolata) were sampled in an open-marine environment (Lingreville-sur-mer, west Cotentin, Normandy). Whatever the sampling period, the bivalves, C. gigas and M. edulis, exhibited the lowest values of δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N compared with the other species. Feeding relationships among suspension-feeders in both C. gigas culture areas exhibited temporal variations due to the marine/estuarine influence and seasonal changes in food supply. In the open-marine ecosystem, the contribution of phytoplankton remained the most important for all species except S. alveolata, while in the estuarine ecosystem, microphytobenthos and/or macroalgae detritus contributed a larger extent to the organisms' diets. During phytoplankton bloom periods (e.g. May and July) suspension-feeders, except for S. alveolata, relied strongly on phytoplankton; however, the majority of suspension-feeders exhibited different opportunistic behaviour in winter when phytoplankton biomass might be a limiting factor. We hypothesized that differences in particle capture and selection by the suspension-feeders influenced their isotopic values. Feeding ecology of suspension-feeders partly explained why competition was limited and why ecosystems can often support unexpectedly large numbers of suspension-feeders. We also showed that understanding ecosystem characteristics of the organic matter sources is of primary importance to determine the extent to which members of the suspension-feeding guild potentially compete for food.