A new pseudocylindrical equal-area projection for adaptive composite map projections

The recently introduced adaptive composite map projection technique changes the projection to the geographic area shown on a map. It is meant as a replacement for the commonly used web Mercator projection, which grossly distorts areas when representing the entire world. The original equal-area version of the adaptive composite map projection technique uses the Lambert azimuthal projection for regional maps and three alternative projections for world maps. Adaptive composite map projections can include a variety of other equal-area projections when the transformation between the Lambert azimuthal and the world projections uses Wagner’s method. To select the most suitable pseudocylindrical projection, the distortion characteristics of a pseudocylindrical projection family are analyzed, and a user study among experts in the area of map projections is carried out. Based on the results of the distortion analysis and the user study, a new pseudocylindrical projection is recommended for extending adaptive composite map projections. The new projection is equal-area throughout the transformation to the Lambert azimuthal projection and has better distortion characteristics then small-scale projections currently included in the adaptive composite map projection technique.     

基于SuperMap世界电子地图多尺度表达的研究

依据地图感受论和地图符号学原理,结合世界电子地图的显示要求和使用特点,针对世界电子地图中数据分级体系不完善、尺度建立不规范等问题,提出了一套世界电子地图多尺度表达分级体系,重点研究了基于SuperMap数据处理的技术方法、分类分级标准和符号设计理论,设计制作了基于SuperMap多尺度世界电子地图。     

基于ArcGIS的1980西安坐标系到2000国家坐标系的转换研究

分析了2000国家坐标系与WGS-84坐标系的椭球参数及定向参数,通过实验证实了在ArcGIS中采用WGS-84坐标系的大地坐标代替2000国家坐标系的大地坐标的可行性.本文在自编写的程序中,使用不同大地坐标转换的布尔莎公式计算出了1980西安坐标系与2000国家坐标系的7个转换参数,并将该参数输入到AreGIS的坐标转换参数文件中,从而实现矢量数据与栅格数据从1980西安坐标系到2000国家大地坐标系的转换.通过对转换结果进行精度分析,认为可选用控制测区范围的3～5个转换公共点,使用本文所述方法与流程可以满足1∶1 000或更大比例尺图件的坐标系统转换.     

Towards a National Atlas of the Netherlands as part of the National Spatial Data Infrastructure

Abstract

This paper is about different worlds, and how we try to unite them. One of these worlds is the world of National Atlases: collections of complex, high-quality maps presenting a nation to the geographically interested. The second is the world of National Spatial Infrastructures: highly organized, standardized and institutionalized large collections of spatial data and services. In the paper, we describe the two worlds and their fundamental differences and we present the theoretical framework in which these worlds could be united. We introduce a test bed we are using to try out the theoretical framework in a real-life use case. In the architecture of that test bed, we introduce a National Atlas Services layer and describe how we have created an Atlas Map Viewer component, using the Open Web Platform. We conclude by commenting on the results thus far and taking a look into future developments.     

Code as Cartography

Abstract

Provincial Atlas of People's Republic of China (Chung hua ien min kung wo kuo fên shêng di t'u chi). 190 x 265 mm. pp. 251 (84 pages of maps). Peking: Map Publishing Society (di t'u ch'u p'an shê), China, Oct., 1974. 6.30 Yuan     

网络地图API在“地理信息系统设计”教学中的应用

本文针对"地理信息系统设计"课程的教学概况,深入分析高校开展"地理信息系统设计"教学改革的目标,阐述目前国内外各种主流的电子地图API,指导和培训学生调用电子地图API的技能与技巧,并将网络地图API应用实践引入到"地理信息系统设计"的课程教学中,促进了"地理信息系统设计"实践教学的改革。将教学研讨和应用实践紧密结合,利用新兴的各种电子地图API促进"地理信息系统设计"教学,具有充分的理论依据和实践意义。     

An integrated heterogeneous web service retrieval via combination of instance- and metadata-based schema matching method

Schema matching is a critical step in the integration of heterogeneous web service, which contains various types of web services and multi-version services of the same type. Mapping loss or mismatch usually occurs due to schema differences in structure and content and the variety in concept definition and organization. Current instance schema matching methods are not mature enough for heterogeneous web service because they cannot deal with the instance data in web service domain and capture all the semantics, especially metadata semantics. The metadata-based and the instance-based matching methods, in the case of being employed individually, are not efficient to determine the concept relationships, which are crucial for finding high-quality matches between schema attributes. In this paper, we propose an improved schema matching method, based on the combination of instance and metadata (CIM) matcher. The main method of our approach is to utilize schema structure, element labels, and the corresponding instance data information. The matching process is divided into two phases. In the first phase, the metadata-based matchers are used to compute the element label similarity of multi-version open geospatial consortium web service schema, and the generated matching results are raw mappings, which will be reused in the next instance matching phase. In the second phase, the designed instance matching algorithms are employed to the instance data of the raw mappings and fine mappings are generated. Finally, the raw mappings and the fine mappings are combined, and the final mappings are obtained. Our experiments are executed on different versions of web coverage service and web feature service instance data deployed in Geoserver. The results indicate that, the CIM method can obtain more accurate matching results and is flexible enough to handle the web service instance data.     

栅格数据等差分纬线多圆锥投影变换研究与实现

用户制作世界地图时,需要把拍摄的全球栅格数据投影转换到等差分纬线多圆锥投影坐标参考系下,用来和矢量数据叠加。文中导出了投影的正反解变换公式,并对变换公式的参数建立求解模型、采集参考点、纠偏参考点,然后采用3次多项式拟合求解出变换参数。栅格数据经过导入、配准、设置参考系信息后,采用投影正反解变换方法逐个像素进行投影变换,最终产生了一个等差分纬线多圆锥投影坐标参考系下的栅格数据。把拍摄的全球高清影像投影变换后作底图,并和矢量数据叠加制作地图,在我国地图出版、打印、展示方面有很多应用。     

City generics: external urban relations in ancient-Mesopotamian and modern-global city networks

City generics is a research choice to explore continuities of urban process across time and space. Central flow theory is interpreted as generic and is operationalized using the interlocking network model. A nuanced generic approach is developed that respects differences in inter-city relations found in dissimilar social worlds, defined as world-systems. This is illustrated through the application of the interlocking network model to extremely different world-systems – the contemporary world-economy and the ancient Mesopotamian world-empire. In both cases data is collected and analysed to reveal a city network at the centre of societal reproduction; advanced producer services are enabling of corporate globalization through cities; advanced divine services are enabling of spiritual-political change through cities. Both analyses produce credible geographical results so that similarities and differences in results can be discussed as generic inter-city relations.