基于网络爬虫的Web服务抓取解析器的设计与实现

随着Web服务和网络技术的发展,越来越多的Web服务得以开发并发布到网络上.由于网络上存在的Web服务相互之间没有内在的必然联系,用户很难快速有效地获取和利用这些服务.本文设计了一种Web服务抓取解析器框架,包括URL抓取器、WSDL文档解析器和用于结构化存储Web服务信息的数据库等.该抓取解析器采用网络爬虫程序对互联网中的URL进行搜索,通过搜索发现分布在网络上的Web服务,并最终建立起一个关于Web服务的信息库,为共享Web服务提供条件.     

世界城市的人口分布格局研究——以纽约、东京、伦敦为例

本文采用最新的官方数据,分别研究了纽约、东京和伦敦三个世界城市人口分布及其演变的一般特征和规律,得出世界城市人口城市化的总体规律,认为:核心区出现逆城市化的时间均相对较早,且相对其他区域而言,核心区人口变动的剧烈程度更加明显;市域范围内核心外围式空间结构形态已被打破,进入多元化时代;进入信息化时期,中心城区人口密度通常保持在一定的上限之内,打破该极限,则此范围内的人口将仍然出现较高的不稳定性。     

资新盆地丹霞地貌景区申报世界地质公园刍议

运用地理学的资源评价法和区域比较分析法,分析了我国已有风景区中最典型最有代表性的资新盆地丹霞地貌景观特征,并与我国其它著名丹霞地貌景观进行了对比和景观质量评价,指出资新盆地丹霞地貌景区具备申报世界地质公园的诸多有利条件和基础,广西资源县与湖南新宁县应该联合起来协调申报。     

南方复杂山地碳酸盐岩出露区地震采集技术分析

在受山地和碳酸盐岩裸露双重复杂条件影响的南方地区开展地震勘探工作,采集的地震数据质量很难达到理想效果。基于对南方复杂地形山区的地震地质特征及勘探技术难点深入分析的基础上,对地震数据采集技术与方法进行了一系列的技术攻关和对比分析：(1)综合应用多种表层调查技术进行精细表层结构调查,建立相对准确的近地表结构模型和速度模型,求准静校正量,指导井位优选和井深设计。(2)采用动态观测系统,高陡构造成像方面采用长排列大炮检距,灰岩区采用加密炮观测系统,溶洞裂隙发育地区采用宽线观测系统;(3)针对复杂多变出露多地层岩性,改善激发接收条件,根据岩性变化优选炮点点位,尽量避开溶洞和厚层纯灰岩区。灰岩区采用双深井组合激发,每道至少要两串以上检波器面积大组合接收,检波器井下接收比地面接收效果好。采用以上技术方法,对采集的地震资料进行处理和分析,地震剖面和单炮记录品质有所改善,地震反射波能量及信噪比均有所提高。     

基于TM/ETM+影像反演祁连山七一冰川反照率精度比较研究

冰川反照率是联系冰川与气候、 寒区水文过程的纽带, 也是制约分布式冰川能量-物质平衡模型发展的重要因子.冰雪反照率的变化会改变整个地气系统的能量收支平衡, 亦可引起局地以至全球的气候变化.利用Landsat TM/ETM+数据, 运用不同学者提出的窄波段转换宽波段的方程, 反演了祁连山七一冰川总短波段的反照率.把不同的转换方程得到反演值与实测值进行比较, 选择绝对误差最小的反演公式.结果表明: Duguay1992模型提出的方程能保证4景影像反演值与实测值的绝对误差在0.05范围内, 而气候模式输入的反照率产品要求绝对误差在0.05以内.运用该方程反演的反照率结果, 较其他方程要准确, 可为分布式冰川物质-能量平衡模型的构建提供更准确的参数数据.     

Global implementation of marine protected areas: Is the developing world being left behind?

While the global network of marine protected areas (MPAs) has recently been evaluated in the light of bio-geographic targets, there has been no attempt to evaluate the relative conservation efforts made by the different nations with regards to their level of socio-economic development. Using information mostly gathered from the world database on protected areas (WDPA), this paper gives a comparative assessment of MPA progress in countries from different economic categories, ranging from advanced economies to least developed countries (LDCs). Potentially explanatory socio-economic and environmental factors, such as fishing activity and existence of vulnerable marine ecosystems, for variability between nations in the level of MPA implementation are also explored. Existing MPA databases demonstrate a clear gap between developed and developing nations in MPA establishment, with advanced economies accounting for two thirds of the global MPA network. Patterns of MPA use, however, remain extremely heterogeneous between countries within each development group. International agreements on marine conservation, above and beyond the influence of country socio-economic and environmental profiles, are identified as a stimulating factor to MPA implementation. The level dependence on marine resource extraction appears to impede MPA implementation, though the relationship is not statistically significant due to large heterogeneity among countries. Leading developed nations increasingly use MPAs to designate integrated and adaptive management areas, and implementation of large “no-take” reserves in relatively-pristine overseas areas continues to accelerate. These analyses highlight certain limitations regarding our ability to assess the true conservation effectiveness of the existing global MPA network and the need for improved indicators of MPA restrictions and management efforts.     

利用线粒体DNA 控制区部分序列分析不同地理群体大泷六线鱼遗传多样性

利用PCR技本扩增了6个野生地理群体大泷六线鱼(Hexagrammos otakii)线粒体DNA控制区的部分序列,共获得352bp碱基序列,31尾个体定义了22种单倍型.中性检验Fu's Fs值为-0.14881(P＜0.01).分子变异分析(AMOVA)结果显示:遗传分化指数Fst=0.7398(P＜0.01),73.98％的变异来自群体间,26.02％的变异来自群体内.根据不同个体间的遗传距离构建了NJ和MP系统树,两种方法获得了相似的进化树.其中青岛群体与旅顺群体的一部分个体单独成支,其它群体聚为1支.研究结果表明,大泷六线鱼群体遗传多样性较为丰富,群体间发生了较大的遗传分化,证明线粒体DNA控制区基因可用于大泷六线鱼群体内及群体间遗传多样性的分析.     

OBC地震物理模型实验中的广角反射现象(英文)

广角地震采集作为获取野外高质量地震数据的一种重要方法,愈来愈受到人们的关注。因此,对广角反射的深入研究具有重要实际意义。本文通过层状物理模型海底电缆(0BC)地震勘探实验研究,比较详细地讨论了广角反射现象。一些实验结果并不支持理论数值模拟结论。主要实验结论有:1)广角反射波的振幅能量较非广角反射波强(约为1倍多),但和理论计算的15倍关系差异甚大,过临界角时反射能量缓慢增大,而不是理论计算的那样急剧增大;2)大炮检距时,反射同相轴仍保持近似双曲线趋势;3)广角反射波的主频较非广角反射波低(降低20-30%),且偏移距增大有所降低,而非广角反射在小偏移距段主频变化不明显;4)在临界角前后反射波波形没有发生突变,极性无变化;5)反射波组特征在临界角前后也未发生变化。6)水中直达波、多次波和水底折射波对海底层广角反射有一定的影响。     

世界能源地理研究进展及学科发展展望

面向国家重大战略需求,应对日益严峻的国际能源环境,开展世界能源地理研究是经济地理学家的重要使命.但从目前的研究来看,缺乏系统的地理学视角,研究主要集中在政治学、外交学、经济学等领域.相关学科涉及能源地理学的研究主要集中在3 个方面：① 世界能源地缘政治格局研究;② 世界能源地缘政治格局中的中国能源安全研究,包括能源供给、运输、储备等;③ 中国能源合作与能源外交研究.展望未来,应从3 个方面加强世界能源地理的研究：① 建立系统的研究框架,全面把握世界能源状态、格局及其演变规律;② 建立世界能源的动态数据库,加强模拟分析与可视化表达能力;③ 加强研究平台建设,培养研究队伍.     

An empirical study on Chinese city network pattern based on producer services

Globalization and informatization have accelerated city networking process over the world, which makes research on city network a hot topic in the fields of urban geography and economic geography. With Chinese economic structure adjustment and city economic growth, producer services have begun to play an increasingly important role in city-region networking. This paper employs the methodology of world city network to analyze and explain the spatial development characteristics of China’s urban network system based on the data of nationwide producer services enterprise network. The research result indicated that the distribution of producer services network has a positive effect on the development of Chinese city networks. City network connectivity is closely related to the significance of city in producer services development, and the former will gradually decline with the drop of the latter. Accordingly, the 64 cities can be divided into the national central cities, regional central cities, sub-regional central cities and local central cities in accordance with their position and role in the nationwide producer services network. It is concluded that high-grade cities with quality producer services dominate the pattern of Chinese city networks and there emerges three spatial agglomerations of producer services enterprises in Changjiang (Yangtze) River Delta, Zhujiang (Pearl) River Delta and Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan Economical Region. Moreover, the distribution of different producer services industry varies from city to city, which also affects the characteristics of network development.