一种改进的基于 BDS 三频非差观测的周跳实时探测与修复模型

BDS三频观测条件下可以组合得到具有优良特性的虚拟载波观测量,有利于改善非差观测数据的周跳实时探测与修复。文中提出一种基于BDS三频非差数据的周跳实时探测与修复模型:首先,采用消电离层无几何HMW组合观测量探测和修复EWL周跳;然后,将经过修复的EWL观测量与WL组合消除几何相关项,忽略电离层延迟残差进而确定WL周跳;最后采用经过修复的WL观测量与NL组合形成无几何观测量,并通过优化载波相位组合确定电离层延迟的变化量以探测和计算NL周跳,并通过简单变换得到原始载波观测量的周跳值。通过实测BDS三频数据对模型可行性进行验证分析,结果表明,即使在30s的采样率以及电离层活动活跃条件下,该模型都可有效实时探测和修复各类周跳。     

应用选权拟合法建立单历元伪距和载波相位双差模型

本文根据选权拟合法的一个重要性质:只要被约束的那部分参数估值无偏,其余的参数估值也无偏;该性质说明利用选权拟合进行参数估计的结果是条件无偏的。这个不同于一般正则化解的重要特性可以建立单历元伪距和载波相位双差模型,并通过实例验证了该方法的可行性。     

利用地震属性研究准噶尔盆地西北缘拐19井区下侏罗统三工河组沉积环境

在准噶尔盆地西北缘，寻找岩性圈闭油气藏已是至关重要的问题。但人们几乎还是用常规的手段来寻找岩性油气藏，没有实质性进展。本文是以利用宽方位角采集的地震数据为基础，对数据进行高保真资料处理和参考标准层的层拉平解释。利用前人的区域地质研究成果和钻井解释成果对侏罗系的沉积环境进行了精细的描述，确定了拐19井区在下侏罗统三工河组的出油层段附近的沉积环境由湖泊相－三角洲前缘相－河流相－湖泊相的演化过程。利用地震属性解释的结果也能较好地反映目标区的沉积环境变迁，并且与区域地质、测井解释结果相吻合，为寻找油气提供了很好的依据。由此得出利用地震属性可以进行沉积环境变迁分析，为油田寻找岩性圈闭及油气藏做出贡献。     

基于广域电磁法的页岩气有利区预测——以渝东北巫山地区为例

渝东北巫山地区是重要的页岩气勘探远景区,勘探程度较低.本次研究以岩石物理和测井数据为基础,以广域电磁法为手段,开展该区的页岩气有利区评价.通过对地表样品及井孔电阻率测井资料的分析,揭示研究区目的层富有机质页岩层电阻率表现为明显低阻特征,与上覆下伏地层电性差异明显,表明本区分布的上奥陶统五峰—下志留统龙马溪组富有机质页岩具备开展电法勘探工作的物性条件.在对电磁资料处理解释的基础上,查明了重庆巫山地区“隆凹相间”的构造格局,断裂性质主要为逆断层;目的层上奥陶统五峰组—下志留统龙马溪组富有机质泥页岩连续稳定分布,低阻特征明显,埋深范围在800~4 800m之间.综合考虑目的层页岩电阻率、极化率、埋深等因素,预测出页岩气有利区3个,区内富有机质页岩发育,页岩气勘探前景较好.     

曲阜近山前地区地热地质条件浅析

曲阜市近山前地区基底地层是理想的热介质,区域主控断裂对地温场起明显控制作用,含水岩组和地下水运动为地热提供了理想载体。以岩石导热特征,可将曲阜地区地层分为2 大类:即热基底地层和热盖层地层。前者热导率为25.41×10-3~36.30×10-3T/cm·s·℃;后者为18.92×10-3~23.99×10-3 T/cm·s·℃。地热资源赋存于受断裂构造控制的槽形地带内,属典型的构造—盆地增温型。     

Complex multiple cosmogenic nuclide concentration and histories in the arid Rio Lluta catchment,northern Chile

Terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide (TCN) concentrations measured in river sediments can be used to estimate catchment‐wide denudation rates. By investigating multiple TCN the steadiness of sediment generation, transport and depositional processes can be tested. Measurements of ¹⁰Be, ²¹Ne and ²⁶Al from the hyper‐ to semi‐arid Rio Lluta catchment, northern Chile, yield average single denudation rates ranging from 12 to 75 m Myr^–1 throughout the catchment. Paired nuclide analysis reveals complex exposure histories for most of the samples and thus the single nuclide estimates do not exclusively represent catchment‐wide denudation rates. The lower range of single nuclide denudation rates (12–17 m Myr^–1), established with the noble gas ²¹Ne, is in accordance with palaeodenudation rates derived from ²¹Ne/¹⁰Be and ²⁶Al/¹⁰Be ratio analysis. Since this denudation rate range is measured throughout the system, it is suggested that a headwater signal is transported downstream but modulated by a complex admixture of sediment that has been stored and buried at proximal hillslope or terrace deposits, which are released during high discharge events. That is best evidenced by the stable nuclide ²¹Ne, which preserves the nuclide concentration even during storage intervals. The catchment‐wide single ²¹Ne denudation rates and the palaeodenuation rates contrast with previous TCN‐derived erosion rates from bedrock exposures at hillslope interfluves by being at least one order of magnitude higher, especially in the lower river course. These results support earlier studies that identified a coupling of erosional processes in the Western Cordillera contrasting with decoupled processes in the Western Escarpment and in the Coastal Cordillera. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

探地雷达宽角反射图形拟合方法

探地雷达共中心点(CMP)法仅用于局部速度测试,为使用宽角反射法进行剖面探测,可固定一个雷达天线而将另一个天线沿测线移动,从而获取整个地质界面的反射信号.本文提出宽角反射剖面探测方法,基于平直岩层界面导出其反射信号的关系式,并开发出解释软件,可精确计算岩层几何参数和层速度,从而进行地质分层.     

Rock-magnetic properties of Neogene sediments, northern flank of Tianshan Mountains

Analyses of rock-magnetic properties of Neogene sediments of the Taxihe section, northern Tianshan Mountains, show that the section can be classified into three categories including lacustrine facies, fluvial facies and alluvial facies, which correspond to the lower, middle and upper of the Taxihe section respectively. The magnetic minerals of the lacustrine facies may be affected by the process of weath- ering, lithogenesis and biolithogenesis besides the source of the sediments. The natural remanence intensities are between 10-3 A/m and 10-2 A/m. The minerals are dominated by magnetite and the high coercive magnetic mineral may be goethite. The magnetic grains are the mixture of PSD SD or SD SP. The natural remanence intensities of the strata of fluvial facies are between 10-2 A/m and 10-1 A/m, about ten times that of the lacustrine facies. The magnetic minerals are mainly magnetite and hematite, and the magnetic grains are mainly PSD. The characteristic remanence (ChRM) carriers are magnetites. In the alluvial facies, the natural remanence intensities are mostly less than 1×10-2 A/m. The magnetic minerals of the series are dominated by magnetite and hematite, almost the same as the fluvial facies. But the difference is that most of the stepwise demagnetization can reveal two components and the ChRM carriers are hematites. The magnetic grains are PSD in terms of the hysteresis parameters.     

多频数据组合在周跳探测和修复上的应用

利用模拟的L5观测数据,结合传统的伪距/载波组合法,对周跳的探测与修复进行了实例计算,并与双频组合观测值的周跳探测方法进行了比较。结果证明,不管对大周跳还是小周跳,该方法均能在单历元间准确地探测出各个频率上发生的周跳,较之双频组合观测值的探测方法具有更大的优越性。     

单频GPS整周模糊度动态快速求解的研究

提出了一种动态快速求解整周模糊度的方法,即先对系数阵进行QR分解,然后通过矩阵变换使模糊度参数和位置参数分离,从而降低矩阵的维数,满足实时动态求解的要求,最后应用LAMBDA方法搜索模糊度。为验证该算法,用单频GPS接收机进行了静态定位和动态定位两种试验。结果表明,静态定位误差小于1cm,动态定位误差小于3cm。由此可见,该方法能够为动态用户快速而精确地实施GPS单频动态定位。