多功能一体化信标机在海洋施工的应用

勘察人员在海洋地质勘察测量放样时,采用的定位导航设备通常是分体式信标机。分体式信标机主要由天线头、电缆、主机、数据线电源线、计算机和电瓶6大部件连接组成。在实际生产时,连接天线头和主机的电缆经常受到海水腐蚀而损坏,应用过程中经常需要搬运诸多装备,尤其风浪较大时候,操作过程烦琐且不安全,经市场调查,国内尚无专门的主机-天线一体化信标机。在此背景下,勘察处计划开发一款便携、操作方便的一体化信标机来解决上述问题,该系统不需要架设基站,并通过信标来发射差分信号,在离岸较远的海域使用星站差分服务提供高精度位置结果。经测试验证发现满足工程精度要求,提高海上定位的效率和安全性。     

电离层延迟变化自模型化的载波相位平滑伪距算法

传统的单频载波相位平滑伪距算法因受到电离层延迟变化的影响,容易出现平滑结果发散和精度下降的问题,而现有的解决方案对精度提高有限或需要外部精密电离层改正数据的支持。本文研究了电离层的变化规律并建立回归模型,在此基础上提出了一种自模型化电离层延迟变化的单频载波相位平滑伪距算法。此算法利用伪距和载波观测量中含有的电离层延迟信息进行电离层延迟建模,从平滑伪距中扣除了历元间电离层延迟变化值,有效避免了平滑伪距的发散问题。利用自编软件GNSSer实现了电离层自模型化的载波平滑伪距算法,并采用静态与动态实测观测数据进行了定位试验和精度分析。算例结果表明:①长时段常规Hatch滤波受电离层影响非常严重;②自模型化电离层延迟可达厘米级的精度,在30 min窗口内,使用线性移动开窗拟合法效果最佳;③自模型化电离层改正可以有效消除平滑伪距电离层影响,随着时段窗口的增加,精度没有降低;④利用本文提出的算法进行逐历元单频平滑伪距单点定位,在静态与动态的NEU方向都达到了亚分米级别的定位精度,其中,动态定位测试中水平和高程方向精度为6.25和10.4 cm,比原始伪距分别提高了5.4倍和3.3倍。     

一种改善GPS接收机载波相位连续性的相位预测方法

针对GPS信号受短时遮挡等影响导致载波相位不连续问题,提出一种基于载波开环跟踪的相位预测方法。通过对失锁通道的多普勒进行精确预测实现对载波相位进行开环跟踪,重点改善接收机晶振钟漂对多普勒估计精度的影响。基于软件接收机对该方法进行性能评估,在部分GPS信号连续中断15 s情况下,其估计的载波相位误差小于1/4周的概率在90%以上。     

台湾海峡西南部的海陆联合深地震探测资料特点与处理对策*

为调查长乐—南澳断裂带和滨海断裂带的展布、形态和深部构造背景, 福建省地震局使用大容量气枪震源和海底地震仪将深地震探测拓展到台湾海峡西南部, 配合陆上的水库气枪震源、吨级爆破点和流动地震仪实现了海陆双向激发接收。文章详细介绍了2013—2015年间在台湾海峡西南部采集的6条二维广角地震剖面的观测系统、采集参数和数据预处理方法。对资料的整理分析表明: 震源激发参数和仪器接收点位选择合理, 大部分共接收点道集记录能清晰地识别出Pg、PmP、Pn、Sg、SmS等震相; 通过气枪固定点多次激发进行叠加的方法, 获得了信噪比相当于吨级爆破的共炮点道集记录。陆上台站数据品质较佳, 而海底地震仪数据信噪比较低, 可能是由于海底吸收衰减较为严重。数据处理中针对台湾海峡西南部沉积层速度较低且基底面起伏剧烈的问题, 将共接收点域拾取的走时分选到炮域, 避免了表层改正残差造成深部构造假象的问题。     

长江下游大型沉井基础局部冲刷计算公式研究

大型沉井基础在长江下游大跨径跨江大桥工程中应用越来越多,基础局部冲刷深度预测是设计时需要重点考虑的问题之一。国内外对桥梁基础局部冲刷做了大量的研究并建立了局部冲刷计算公式,由于长江下游大型沉井基础规模越来越大,原有局部冲刷深度的预测公式存在一定的局限性。在常泰大桥超大沉井基础局部冲刷试验成果的基础上,结合长江下游南京以下跨江大桥沉井基础局部冲刷试验成果,通过量纲分析及多元回归法建立了大型沉井基础局部冲刷计算公式,并应用试验资料及实测资料进行了较好的验证。该公式计算结构简单,可供长江下游大型沉井基础局部冲刷深度估算参考和应用。     

Investigation of Hydroelastic Ship Responses of An ULOC in Head Seas

Investigation of hydroelastic ship responses has been brought to the attention of the scientific and engineering world for several decades. There are two kinds of high-frequency vibrations in general ship responses to a large ocean-going ship in its shipping line, so-called springing and whipping, which are important for the determination of design wave load and fatigue damage as well. Because of the huge scale of an ultra large ore carrier (ULOC), it will suffer seldom slamming events in the ocean. The resonance vibration with high frequency is springing, which is caused by continuous wave excitation. In this paper, the wave-induced vibrations of the ULOC are addressed by experimental and numerical methods according to 2D and 3D hydroelasticity theories and an elastic model under full-load and ballast conditions. The influence of loading conditions on high-frequency vibration is studied both by numerical and experimental results. Wave-induced vibrations are higher under ballast condition including the wave frequency part, the multiple frequencies part, the 2-node and the 3-node vertical bending parts of the hydroelastic responses. The predicted results from the 2D method have less accuracy than the 3D method especially under ballast condition because of the slender-body assumption in the former method. The applicability of the 2D method and the further development of nonlinear effects to 3D method in the prediction of hydroelastic responses of the ULOC are discussed.     

流动站与参考站不同采样率GPS数据的处理策略

针对GPS流动站与参考站采用不同采样率的特殊应用情况,当观测数据不同步时,采用历元间的相位差分计算流动站的高精度"伪距",进而单独进行导航定位解算;当流动站与参考站观测数据同步时,采用双差模式。该方案不但充分利用了观测数据,而且可以节省数据采集和传输及运算的成本。飞机导航试验的数据解算表明,采用这种方法,流动站的定位精度可以达到cm级,而且位置更新率较高。     

In-flight Performance of the Advanced Camera for Surveys CCDs

The Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS), installed in the Hubble Space telescope in March 2002, will significantly extend HST's deep, survey imaging capabilities. ACS has met, or exceeded, all of its key performance specifications. In this paper we briefly review the in-flight performance of the instrument's CCD detectors and preview early ACS science observations. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

电提取技术中载体物质应用效果提高的途径

电提取器中用来承载提取物的载体, 从最初的"液体"发展为"固体", 为方法的实用性和标准化发展找到了方向。固体载体物质的粒度和纯度是提高元素提取效果的主要方面。对载体物质进行工艺性提纯处理, 并加工到适宜的粒度范围, 将可增强其技术作用。     

Artificial Neural Network Approach for Reconstruction of Event Arrival-Direction in Wide-Angle Atmospheric Cerenkov Detector Arrays: A Feasibility Study

A feasibility study has been carried out to assess the potentialof an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for determiningthe direction of incidence of an Atmospheric Cerenkov Event(ACE) from the arrival-time information registered by aspaced-array of wide-angle Cerenkov detectors. Theresults obtained so far, using both, simulated and experimental data, indicate that a properly-trained net can yield a degree of accuracy which is comparable with what is achieved through the conventional ²-minimization, wavefront-fitting procedure.