新时期农村产业结构优化调整研究

通过在农村长期的工作实践和对农村经济发展的考察,依据当前国内外发展对农村产业经济发展的要求,分析研究我国和河南省农村产业结构的发展现状和动态变化,提出农村产业结构调整的指导思想、原则及目标,据此,从农村产业结构调整、农业产业结构调整和种植业结构调整3个层次,研究提出农村产业结构调整的基本思路和方向,为有关部门决策农村经济发展提供科学依据.     

An Estimate of Global Mean Sea-level Rise Inferred from Tide-gauge Measurements Using Glacial-isostatic Models Consistent with the Relative Sea-level Record

This study is concerned with the influence of the glacial-isostatic adjustment caused by the last Pleistocene deglaciation on the present-day sea level. The viscoelastic deformation caused by the time-variable ice and ocean loads is simulated by computing the resulting perturbations for a spherical, self-gravitating, incompressible, Maxwell-viscoelastic earth model. The associated variation of the earth rotation is described in terms of the Liouville equation, which is solved by means of the MacCullagh formulae. This allows the determination of the vertical displacement and geoid height and, thus, the solution of the sea-level equation. We test several viscosity and ice models and evaluate them by comparison of the computed response with the Holocene relative sea-level record. Using the optimum combination of viscosity and ice models, we then estimate the influence of the last Pleistocene deglaciation on the tide-gauge measurements. A comparison between the observational and residual linear trends for the tide-gauge measurements shows a significant reduction of the variance and geographical variability for the latter, in particular for the formerly ice-covered regions of North America and Scandinavia. The favoured value determined for the global mean sea-level rise is (1.46±0.2) mm a⁻¹.     

带权约束参数平差在工程控制网优化中的应用

介绍用带权约束平差原理编制的工程控制网试验修正法设计和平差程序,并用于设计工程导线和平差变形观测控制网等实际工程的例子,据此提供一些结论和建议.     

GIS中地籍宗地面积的方差分量估计

探讨在地籍宗地数字化的面积处理问题中,把已知面积数据和数字化坐标同时作为观测值的面积处理方法.采用方差分量估计,解决已知面积数据参与平差时的权的确定.通过实例分析,认为采用条件平差方差分量估计方法来对宗地面积处理,能够更加合理地调整已有面积与由数字化坐标得到的面积值之间的差异.     

Helmert方差分量估计的粗差检验与抗差解

当观测值中含有粗差时，检验表明Helmert方差分量估计结果同样含有粗差，且粗差还可能会发生转移，为有效地抵制粗差和随机模型差的互相影响，指出了发生这一转移的原因，介绍了基于双因子等价权的抗差估计，并针对相关Helmert方差分量估计抗差解求解过程中容易出现的法矩阵0值溢出问题，提出了改进方法。     

加密导线网平差程序的设计与实现

现在生产单位对于城市建设控制网的布设，倾向于首先布设GPS控制网，然后再以GPS点作为首级控制点，进行导线网加密，全面介绍了导线加密网的平差计算，据此编写了相关处理软件，并在实际生产应用中进行了验证。     

地图数字化数据坐标变换的相关性分析

将用于求定地图数字化坐标转换参数的已知点的地面坐标和数字化坐标都当作观测值，用随有参数的条件平差求定转换参数，对采用4个已知点、9个已知点分别进行相似与仿射变换进行了分析，计算了格网点之间的相关系数，进一步分析了格网点间相关系数的分布规律，对转换后的坐标相关性进行了讨论。     

利用二维DLT及光束法平差进行数字摄像机标定

利用共线方程和二维DLT之间的对应关系导出了由二维DLT的8个参数表达的主纵线方程式，讨论了主点初值和求解方法，给出了单张像片摄像机参数分解不惟一性及临界序列的证明，详细推导了利用二维DLT参数分解摄像机外方位元素初值的实用算法，论述了利用光束法平差进行摄像机标定的数学模型，实际图像数据实验取得了很好的结果，验证了本文所提出的摄像机标定算法的可行性。     

Rank-Defect Adjustment Model for Survey-Line Systematic Errors in Marine Survey Net

In this paper,the structure of systematic and random errors in marine survey net are discussed in detail and the adjustment method for observations of marine survey net is studied,in which the rank-defect haracteristic is discovered first up to now.On the basis of the survey-line systematic error model,the formulae of the rank-defect adjustment model are deduced according to modern adjustment theory.An examle of calculations with really observed data is carried out to demonstrate the efficiency of this adjustment model.Moreover,it is proved that the semi-systematic error correction method used at present in marine gravimetry in China is a special case of the adjustment model presented in this paper.