南海西部风驱离岸急流次中尺度锋面的动力学分析

本文利用卫星观测资料和500 m分辨率数值模拟结果,结合理论分析,对南海西部夏季风场驱动的离岸急流海域次中尺度锋面及其不稳定对背景流场的动力学影响进行了研究。卫星观测和模拟结果表明,南海西部（WSCS）存在侧向尺度为O（1-10）km的次中尺度锋面,在地转和非地转运动的共同作用下,次中尺度密度锋面具有一阶Rossby（Ro）和Richardson（Ri）数。锋面诊断结果显示,沿锋面急流方向的风场强迫引起了显著的跨锋面Ekman净输送,有效地在跨锋面方向将表层冷水平流输送至暖水侧,导致海表浮力损失。减弱的垂向层结和增强的水平浮力梯度使得锋面海域出现负Ertel位涡（PV）,表明该密度锋面易受次中尺度对称不稳定（SI）的影响。次中尺度锋面不稳定引起的跨锋面次级环流能够显著增强垂向速度,其最大值可达100 m·d^-1。能量评估结果表明,次中尺度湍流的两个主要能量源,即地转剪切项（GSP）和垂向浮力通量（BFLUX）在锋面海域显著增强表明在沿锋面急流方向的风场强迫作用下,大尺度地转流的地转剪切动能和锋面有效位能能有效地通过锋面不稳定向次中尺度过程传递。因此,次中尺度锋面及其不稳定有助于增强局地垂向交换和正向串级地转能量,可以为夏季WSCS高叶绿素浓度的相干结构和锋面地转能量的正向传递提供新的动力解释。     

Early Cretaceous precious fossil-bearing beds in Weijialing—Yaolugou of Jianchang Basin,western Liaoning

The Jianchang Basin is one of the main localities of the precious fossils of Jehol Biota in western Liaoning. The fossil-bearing horizons are mainly in the Yixian- and Jiufotang formations. In the Weijialing- Yaolugou of southwest Jianchang Basin, many precious fossils have been found at Luojiagou Bed of the 2nd Member of the Yixian Formation and at Xidian Bed of the 1 st member of the Jiufotang Formation. The geologic setting, sedimentary environment and paleogeography of the precious fossil-bearing beds were also studied.     

南海西缘断裂带右行走滑的地球动力学机制

南海西缘断裂带以8°N为界分为南北两段。主断裂是一条形成于中生代的基底断裂,在新生代为持续活动的断裂带,并控制了沿断裂带及其邻近分布的新生代盆地的发育。断裂带内无磁性的高密度岩体属于印支期或燕山第1,4,5期之中的某一期花岗岩侵入体,它很可能是燕山晚期的产物。该断裂带的基底断裂在万安盆地的延伸段位于盆地中部;万安盆地东缘断裂带是新生代以来受盆地中部基底断裂右行走滑的扭张应力作用,在盆地东部边缘引发断陷而形成的。     

南黄海西部浅部地层地震层序及其沉积特征

南黄海陆架在第四纪具有海侵—海退交替发生、海陆相地层交互沉积的特点,沉积相及其分布主要受海平面变化与古河流及其三角洲的控制。对南黄海西部地区采集的5600km浅层地震剖面进行了层序划分与解释,得到以下认识:(1)早更新世晚期以来的南黄海地层可分为U1—U14共14个地震地层单元,组成6个地震层序,代表了6次大规模海侵-海退过程,其中氧同位素5期海相地层在该地区最发育;(2)根据全新世地层厚度变化,将该区分为6个沉积区:东部弱沉积区、中北部沉积发育区、海州湾外侵蚀区、废黄河口沉积区、射阳河口岸外侵蚀区和苏北浅滩沉积区;(3)氧同位素6期至2期,南黄海西部陆相层内发育了3期埋藏古河道:上层古河道发育于氧同位素2期,古长江水系、古黄河水系分别自南黄海南部、北部流入古黄海;中层古河道发育于氧同位素4期,仅分布于近岸地区;下层古河道发育于氧同位素6期,分布于123°E以西地区,其南部古河道应为古长江水系,规模较大,其北部古河道规模较小,分布范围有限;(4)古长江第四纪早期在古黄海入海,古黄河在氧同位素5期中后期也开始自古黄海入海,其古河道发育具有一定继承性,后期发育规模逐渐增大;(5)气候温暖的高海面时期发育于构造沉降...     

Influence of non-photosynthetic pigments on light absorption and quantum yield of photosynthesis in the western equatorial Pacific and the Subarctic North Pacific

Regional variations in the contribution of non-photosynthetic pigments (ā _np^*) to the total light absorption of phytoplankton (ā _ph^*) and its influence on the maximum quantum yield of photosynthesis (φ _m) were investigated. In the western equatorial Pacific, the surface ā _np^* : ā _ph^* ratio was higher in the western warm pool than that in the upwelling region. This difference appears to be attributable to severe nitrate depletion and higher percentage of prokaryotes, which can accumulate very high concentrations of zeaxanthin in the western warm pool. In the subarctic North Pacific, the ā _np^* : ā _ph^* ratio was expected to be higher in the Alaskan Gyre where the thermocline is sharper and iron limitation may possibly be more severe than in the Western Subarctic Gyre. However, the ratio was actually higher in the Western Subarctic Gyre, contradictory to our expectations. This east-west variation appears to be attributable to changes in the taxonomic composition; cyanobacteria were more abundant in the Western Subarctic Gyre. The values of ā _np^* : ā _ph^* and its vertical variations were relatively small in the subarctic North Pacific compared to those in the western equatorial Pacific. These inter-regional variations appear to be attributable to the lower solar radiation intensity, smaller percentage of cyanobacteria, and relatively strong vertical mixing in the subarctic North Pacific. The spatial variations in ā _np^* : ā _ph^* significantly influence φ _m. In comparison with φ _m based on the total light absorption (φ _{m ph}), the values corrected for the contribution of non-photosynthetic pigments (φ _{m ps}) showed an increase in both the western equatorial Pacific and the subarctic North Pacific.     

热带西太平洋潜流模拟:(Ⅱ)潜流结构与输运及其季节变化

通过分析积分30 a的准全球HYCOM(HYbrid Coordinate Occan Model)模式结果,研究了热带西太平洋潜流结构与输运及其季节变化.在年平均状态下,新几内亚沿岸潜流流核位于约175 m、2.8°S附近,最大流速超过45 cm/s,约110 km宽;棉兰老潜流流核位于离岸处,约400～800 m深度、127.5°～128.5°E范围,最大速度超过3 cm/s.在季节时间尺度上,新几内亚沿岸潜流流核位置比较稳定,海流强度与体积输运表现出夏秋季强、冬春季弱的季节变化特征;棉兰老潜流流核位置、流速强度都具有较大的时空变化特征,棉兰老潜流的体积输运约2.5～11.5Sv,其季节变化规律不够明显,2～7月份,体积输运较弱,8～1月份,体积输运较强.     

川西高原土地利用／土地覆盖分类方法

针对川西高原地形地貌以及遥感图像特征等特点,以康定县为例,从影像的预处理到多光谱分类这一过程进行方法研究,引入DEM等辅助信息进行多分类器结合方法处理,分类效果有一定程度的提高,最后讨论了数据分类后处理的方法。     

高集海堤打开后马銮湾开口对厦门东西海域的影响

随着厦门高集海堤打开及东西海域清淤工程实施,厦门海域边界条件和水动力环境均发生了较大变化.根据最新边界条件、地形条件和水文泥沙条件,通过数学模型研究打开马銮湾对厦门东西海域的影响.研究结果表明大潮条件下,高集海堤打开后,高集海堤处产生自西向东的净潮量为3 930亿m3,西海域的水体交换能力显著增强;进一步打开马銮湾后,增加的涨、落潮总潮量平均4 560亿m3,增加的潮量分别通过鼓浪屿断面和五通断面进出西海域和同安湾,分配比例接近1∶1.马銮湾开口可以增加东西海域水体交换能力,但东西海域水质是否改善取决于马銮湾水质情况.     

Life cycle of intraseasonal oscillation of summer SST in the western South China Sea

Intraseasonal oscillation (ISO, times-cales of 30~90 d) of summer sea surface temperature (SST) in the western South China Sea is studied using harmonic and empirical orthogonal function analyses of microwave observations by the tropical rainfall measuring mission satellite. Each summer from May to September, two or three ISO events occur off South Vietnam, with a typical period of approximately 50 d. The life cycle of these events from the initiation to decay of SST anomalies is described.     

GIS based spatial data analysis for landslide susceptibility mapping

Landslide susceptibility map delineates the potential zones for landslides occurrence. The paper presents a statistical approach through spatial data analysis in GIS for landslide susceptibility mapping in parts of Sikkim Himalaya. Six important causative factors for landslide occurrences were selected and corresponding thematic data layers were prepared in GIS. Topographic maps,satellite image,field data and published maps constitute the input data for thematic layer preparation. Numerical weights for different categories of these factors were determined based on a statistical approach and the weighted thematic layers were integrated in GIS environment to generate the landslide susceptibility map of the area. The landslide susceptibility map classifies the area into five different landslide susceptible zones i.e.,very high,high,moderate,low and very low. This map was validated using the existing landslide distribution in the area.