自然资源一体化政务服务系统及数据融合建设——以南京为例

自然资源部制定的信息化建设总体方案中,要求构建“互联网+自然资源政务服务”应用体系,实现“服务事项标准统一、整体联动、业务协同,自然资源政务服务和共享开放能力全面提高”。一体化政务服务系统作为政务服务应用体系的重点建设内容,也是落实自然资源管理“两统一”职责的重要支撑,如何整合各类数据资源、发挥系统作用,成为亟待研究的问题。本文在分析自然资源业务管理需求后,提出了一体化政务服务系统及数据融合的建设思路。     

矢量曲线的视觉清晰度及在网络地图综合中的应用

互联网用户参与的地图制图容易出现视觉冲突、压盖、拥挤等地图表达问题,需要引入地图自动综合协助解决。网络地图中由于原图比例尺和综合后比例尺均难以准确量化,常规地图自动综合基于“原图比例尺-综合后比例尺”判断是否需要综合的方法已不再适用。矢量数据在可视化后会产生视觉粘连,视觉粘连越明显,地图表达效果越差,综合的需求也越强烈。基于此规律,本文提出对视觉粘连进行定量描述并据此判断是否需要综合。首先,从人类视觉感受出发,结合栅格化思想设计了矢量曲线视觉粘连的量化指标——视觉清晰度。然后,基于“金字塔式”的尺度空间计算曲线在多个比例尺表达的清晰度,并拟合了清晰度的变化函数。最后,将该函数应用于众源地理数据的网络地图综合决策。试验结果表明,本文方法可准确判断每条矢量曲线是否需要综合,能有效解决地理数据尺度异质性带来的可视化难题。同时,清晰度变化函数将曲线的尺度描述由静态数值扩展到连续函数,有望更好地支持多尺度空间数据处理及网络地图综合等问题。     

13C/12C比值作为海洋生态系统食物网示踪剂的研究──崂山湾水体生物食物网的营养关系

于1992年9月–1994年5月先后对崂山湾海域作了7个航次调查。由实验室培养试验和现场采样分析两种方法得出食物链一个营养级的¹³C富集度分别为(1.6±0.2)×10^-3和1.7×10^-3,两者几乎一致。由7个季度月的现场采集样品的同位素分析结果表明,从处在食物网底部的浮游植物到最高级的肉食性鱼类之间δ¹³C差值平均为6.9×10^-3,相当于5个营养级;并由各类生物的碳同位素数据分别确定了它们在该食物网中的营养位置,其结果与食性分析方法所得结果基本吻合。同位素示踪方法研究的结果还表明,崂山湾水体生物食物网中碳的来源主要是浮游植物碳。     

Food web structure of two Mediterranean lagoons under varying degree of eutrophication

The food web structure and functioning of two north-western Mediterranean lagoons exhibiting contrasting degrees of eutrophication and marine influences were compared through δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N analysis of major potential food sources and consumers. The Lapalme Lagoon is well preserved and has kept a natural and temporary connection with the open sea. Conversely, the Canet Lagoon is heavily eutrophicated and its water exchange with the open sea has been artificially reduced. In Lapalme, all potential food sources and consumers exhibited δ¹⁵N values indicative of pristine coastal areas. Suspended particulate organic matter (POM) and sediment organic matter (SOM) pools seemed to constitute the main food sources of most primary consumers. Both primary producers and all consumers were much more ¹⁵N-enriched (by  10‰) and more ¹³C-depleted in Canet than in Lapalme. This reflected: (1) the assimilation of important amounts of anthropogenic nitrogen in the food web, and (2) a marked and uniform influence of ¹³C-depleted allochtonous sources of carbon. Based on the mean δ¹⁵N of primary consumers, we found rather similar food web lengths in both lagoons with top consumers at trophic levels 3.6 and 4.0 in Canet and Lapalme, respectively. However, the eutrophication of the Canet Lagoon resulted in a simplification of the food web structure (i.e., a single trophic pathway from a ¹⁵N-enriched fraction of the SOM pool to top predators) compared to what was observed in Lapalme Lagoon where additional ¹³C-enriched food sources played a significant trophic role. Moreover, some consumers of Canet tended to exploit primary producers to a larger extent (and thus to exhibit lower trophic levels) than in Lapalme.     

海洋浮游微食物网生物在海洋颗粒形成和沉降中的作用

海洋中存在着大量的颗粒,包括大型聚合颗粒（即海雪,粒径>500μm）、小型聚合颗粒（1~500μm）和亚微米颗粒粒径（<1μm）等。颗粒在海水中营造了不同于纯海水的小生境,其中生活着与自然海水中不同的生物。异养细菌、蓝细菌、真核藻类、鞭毛虫、纤毛虫等微食物网生物可以黏附在海洋颗粒上,或生活在颗粒内部,其丰度高于周围水体中的自由生活生物,这可能是由于颗粒提供了更适宜生长的营养环境。本文综述了海洋浮游微食物网生物在海洋颗粒形成和沉降中的作用。微食物网生物在颗粒物的形成过程中起到很重要的作用,它们可以直接促进颗粒形成,也可以彼此结合成颗粒,或微型浮游动物排粪形成颗粒。微食物网生物还可以对颗粒进行转化,影响颗粒的大小、沉降速度、或对颗粒及其黏附生物进行摄食。微食物网生物由于本身较小,沉降较慢,但这些生物和颗粒的结合使得微食物网生物在碳通量中发挥重要的作用。     

地理信息公共服务平台的总体技术设计研究

国家地理信息公共服务平台建设与运行维护是一项超大型地理信息工程。为了切实做好统筹规划、统一设计、规范建设、分步实施,国家测绘局组织开展了总体技术设计研究,制订了技术设计指南。本文介绍了国家地理信息公共服务平台总体设计的基本思路和总体架构。     

Trophic significance of the kelp Laminaria digitata (Lamour.) for the associated food web: a between-sites comparison

This study aimed at establishing the trophic significance of the kelp Laminaria digitata for consumers inhabiting two rocky shores of Northern Brittany (France), displaying contrasted ecological conditions. The general trophic structure did not vary between these two sites, with a wide diversity of filter-feeders and predators, and only 14% of the species sampled belonging to the grazers' trophic group. The diversity of food sources fueling the food web appeared also similar. The food webs comprised four trophic levels and the prevalence of omnivory appeared relatively low compared to previous studies in the same area. Conversely, to the food web structure, which did not differ, the biochemical composition of L. digitata differed between the two sites, and was correlated to a larger diversity of grazers feeding on this kelp in sheltered conditions. This indicated that the spatial variability occurring in the nutritive value of L. digitata is likely to deeply affect the functioning of kelp-associated food webs. The contribution of L. digitata-derived organic matter to the diet of filter-feeders inhabiting these two environments was assessed using the mixing model Isosource, which showed the higher contribution of kelp matter in sheltered conditions. These results highlight the spatial variability that may occur in the functioning of kelp-associated food webs. Moreover, this suggests that hydrodynamics is likely to control the availability of kelp-derived organic matter to local filter-feeders, probably through an increase of detritus export in exposed areas.     

基于时空特征分析技术的烤烟GIS系统

本文分析了烤烟信息系统对烤烟种植、生产和销售的重要作用,构建系统的必要性和应用需求,并在.NET框架下,利用ArcEngine和ArcSDE,以C/S结构实现该系统。介绍了系统的结构和功能:包括地图服务、烤烟信息查询统计和烤烟地理信息时空分析和决策支持。同时,讨论了实现该系统的关键技术,包括时空数据库、时空序列的烤烟时空事件分析模型、Web服务等。时空数据包括业务数据和行政区数据两类,对于行政区,除了需要记录行政区的生命周期外,还需记录行政区变更事件,通过行政区变更事件表查询行政区撤消、合并等事件后的业务数据,进而实现时空分析。系统的实现对促进烤烟生产信息化有重积极意义。     

中国石化油田企业数据中心总体框架设计

随着数字油田建设的逐步深入,油田数据日益增多,数据集成化管理与应用难度随之增加,建立油田级数据中心成为必然.结合中国石化信息化建设现状,按照统一规划、统一标准、统一投资、统一建设和统一管理的建设原则,提出油田数据中心总体框架,根据框架需求设计数据中心的数据采集体系、数据存储体系和数据服务平台.中国石化油田企业数据中心在胜利油田完成试点建设,并相继推广至其他油田,取得较好效果.     

EVALUATION OF ECOLOGICAL SERVICES OF JILIN PROVINCE, NORTHEAST CHINA

1INTRODUCTIONEcosystem services can be divided into two major cat-egories, one is system function, and the other is sys-tem services and goods provision, which provide not only materials such as food and medicine, but also support and maintenance of whole system. Ecological services contribute to the whole economic system, both directly and indirectly, and consequently repre-sent parts of the total value of our economy system (COSTANZA etal., 1997; GUO etal., 2001). Sustainable d…