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91.
基于地磁与红外双模探测的海洋浮标预警系统设计 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
设计了一种基于地磁检测与红外感应相结合、可对浮标周围异常目标进行探测和预警的控制系统。系统采用芯片级的微型磁感线圈,以及高集成度、低功耗的数据采集与总线技术,通过探测船体磁性对地磁场的扰动,监测船舶对浮标的靠近;采用芯片级的热释电红外传感器,通过探测人体红外辐射,监测浮标在正常工作期间未知人员的入侵。系统的预警采用声光报警和图像远程传输相结合的方式,现场采集的图像数据经过压缩编码后通过无线数传电台发送至远程岸基监测站,实现海洋浮标的远程预警与现场取证功能。 相似文献
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93.
Pierre Javelle Julie Demargne Dimitri Defrance Jean Pansu Patrick Arnaud 《水文科学杂志》2014,59(7):1390-1402
AbstractThis article presents a comparison between real-time discharges calculated by a flash-flood warning system and post-event flood peak estimates. The studied event occurred on 15 and 16 June 2010 at the Argens catchment located in the south of France. Real-time flood warnings were provided by the AIGA (Adaptation d’Information Géographique pour l’Alerte en Crue) warning system, which is based on a simple distributed hydrological model run at a 1-km2 resolution using radar rainfall information. The timing of the warnings (updated every 15 min) was compared to the observed flood impacts. Furthermore, “consolidated” flood peaks estimated by an intensive post-event survey were used to evaluate the AIGA-estimated peak discharges. The results indicated that the AIGA warnings clearly identified the most affected areas. However, the effective lead-time of the event detection was short, especially for fast-response catchments, because the current method does not take into account any rainfall forecast. The flood peak analysis showed a relatively good correspondence between AIGA- and field-estimated peak values, although some differences were due to the rainfall underestimation by the radar and rainfall–runoff model limitations.
Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz; Guest editor R.J. MooreCitation Javelle, P., Demargne, J., Defrance, D., Pansu, J. and Arnaud, P., 2014. Evaluating flash-flood warnings at ungauged locations using post-event surveys: a case study with the AIGA warning system. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 59 (7), 1390–1402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2014.923970 相似文献
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95.
对滇西实验场1992年以来地下流体前兆观测资料进行分析研究,选取应震效果通过R信度检验(对应MS≥5.0级地震)的8条单项前兆指标。综合考虑单项前兆指标虚报率和漏报率对指标信度的影响,对单项前兆指标利用数学模型进行综合处理,减少了虚报和漏报的次数,预测效果明显提高。利用分级预警模式分别建立了中期(T≤6个月)和短临(T≤3个月)预测模型。综合预测方案还提供了地点判定原则和震级估算原则。最终提供地震短临预测三要素。运用本综合预测方案对2011年腾冲5级双震、2013年洱源5级双震和德钦两次5级地震作用了较为成功的短临预测。 相似文献
96.
新疆喀什西部新一代天气雷达产品的冰雹预警指标研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
2010年以来喀什地区冰雹频繁,严重危害当地农业生产. 通过整理分析2009-2012年喀什新一代天气雷达监测资料,结合我国中东部地区基于雷达监测的冰雹预警指标,经过对喀什西部的18次冰雹天气过程中新一代天气雷达监测预警指标的分析,归纳出了喀什西部新一代雷达产品的冰雹预警指标:(1)组合反射率≥50 dBz;(2)回波顶高≥9 km;(3)云体垂直液态水含量≥20 kg·m-2. 根据该预警指标对喀什西部2011-2012年冰雹过程进行回报预警,准确率达到84.6%. 以有详细降雹时间记录的14次冰雹过程为例,分析喀什西部基于雷达监测产品的冰雹预警时效,14次个例中冰雹预警时效平均为27 min. 选取2012年5月13日、5月23日和2013年6月18日3次强冰雹过程个例,分析冰雹出现前后喀什新一代天气雷达的连续监测资料表明:3次过程中降雹开始时间对应雷达监测值达到最大(高)值时刻;组合反射率与回波顶高首先达到预警指标,垂直液态含水量达到预警指标的时间滞后11~19 min;3项雷达产品均达到冰雹预警指标的时间比实际发布冰雹预警时间早7~17 min,喀什西部冰雹预警时效潜力可以增加到30 min以上. 在喀什西部,应用新一代天气雷达监测产品开展冰雹实时预警业务是可行的,对提高当地冰雹灾害防御能力提供了有力的技术支持. 相似文献
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98.
Bimal Kanti Paul 《Natural Hazards》2009,50(2):289-304
Cyclone Sidr, a Category IV storm, struck the southwestern coast of Bangladesh on November 15, 2007 killing 3,406 people.
Despite a similar magnitude, Sidr claimed far fewer lives than Cyclone Gorky, also a Category IV storm, which struck Bangladesh
in 1991 causing an estimated 140,000 fatalities. The relatively low number of deaths experienced with Sidr is widely considered
the result of Bangladesh government’s efforts to provide timely cyclone forecasting and early warnings, and successful evacuation
of coastal residents from the projected path of Cyclone Sidr. Using information collected from both primary and secondary
sources, this study identified several other reasons for the unexpectedly lower mortality associated with Cyclone Sidr relative
to Cyclone Gorky. Fewer casualties may be attributed to a number of physical characteristics of Cyclone Sidr, such as duration
of the storm and storm surge, landfall time and site, varied coastal ecology, and coastal embankment. This article recommends
improvements to the cyclone warning systems, establishment of more public cyclone shelters, and implementation of an education
campaign in coastal areas to increase the utilization of public shelters for future cyclone events. 相似文献
99.
Abstract Canada has increased the number of tsunami warning stations on the Pacific Coast from two to three. The last gauge was installed at the north end of Vancouver Island, thereby filling a large gap previously existing and providing full coverage along the coast. The record of gauges at two of the three locations is accessible either by telephone or by means of meteor burst communication, alleviating the difficulties experienced during the tsunami threat of May 6, 1986, when telephone communications were disrupted by heavy use. The gauge at Langara Island will be relocated in a more accessible and also a more tsunami‐responsive location at Rennell Sound in the Queen Charlotte Islands. All tsunami gauges also serve as tide gauges, recording the water level every 15 min. In the event of a tsunami, the recording interval can be altered to every 60 s. Suggestions have been made that Canada attempt deep‐sea recording of tsunamis off its Pacific Coast. Although this would be of great scientific value, no such program is contemplated at this time. 相似文献
100.
渤海强对流天气监测及概念模型初建 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用micaps系统个例库、秦皇岛雷达、天津雷达、FY-2E红外云图、海岛站、GPS闪电定位仪、探空及中尺度物理量场等资料,采用同步资料叠加分析方法,对2007-2011年4-10月出现渤海西岸区至海区强对流天气的25个例进行综合分析和对应关系的研究.初步得出:(1)强对流发生时三类天气尺度背景场条件下的高空与低层急流配置及K指数和SI指数对应值,渤海边界层辐合线与强对流天气落区对应关系;(2)同步卫星云图中尺度MCC象元动态特征及TBB值;(3)海区中β尺度单体及多单体风暴雷达反射率因子、回波顶高特征及阈值,回波顶高与雷电分布对应关系;(4)初步建立渤海强对流天气概念模型,归纳海区强对流预警指标.在2012年5-6月业务试验中效益显著,为渤海海洋强对流天气监测、精细化预报方法研究提供参考依据. 相似文献