2010-2018年北极夏季中国北极科学考察航行期间被动微波遥感海冰密集度与船基目视观测资料的比较

为了更有效地将卫星数据应用于北极航行导航,被动微波（PM）产品的海冰密集度（SIC）与从中国北极科学考察中收集到的船基目视观测（OBS）资料进行了比较。在2010、2012、2014、2016和2018年的北极夏季总共收集了3667组目测数据。PM SIC取自基于SSMIS传感器的NASA-Team（NT）、Bootstrap（BT）以及Climate Data Record（CDR）算法和基于AMSR-E/AMSR-2传感器的BT、enhanced NT（NT2）以及ARTIST Sea Ice（ASI）算法。使用PM SIC的日算术平均值和OBS SIC的日加权平均值进行比较。比较了PM SIC和OBS SIC之间的相关系数,偏差和均方根偏差,包括总体趋势以及在轻度/普通/严重冰况下的情况。使用OBS数据,浮冰尺寸和冰厚对不同PM产品SIC反演的影响可以通过计算浮冰尺寸编码和冰厚的日加权平均值来评估。我们的结果显示相关系数的范围为0.89（AMSR-E/AMSR-2 NT2）到0.95（SSMIS NT）,偏差的范围为-3.96%（SSMIS NT）到12.05%（AMSR-E/AMSR-2）,均方根偏差的范围为10.81%（SSMIS NT）到20.15%（AMSR-E/AMSR-2 NT2）。浮冰尺寸对PM产品的SIC反演有显著的影响,大多数PM产品倾向于在小浮冰尺寸情况下低估SIC,而在大浮冰尺寸情况下高估SIC。超过30 cm的冰厚对于PM产品的SIC反演没有明显影响。总体来看,在北极夏季,SSMIS NT SIC与OBS SIC之间有着最好的一致性,而AMSR-E/AMSR-2 NT2 SIC与OBS SIC的一致性最差。     

矢量曲线的视觉清晰度及在网络地图综合中的应用

互联网用户参与的地图制图容易出现视觉冲突、压盖、拥挤等地图表达问题,需要引入地图自动综合协助解决。网络地图中由于原图比例尺和综合后比例尺均难以准确量化,常规地图自动综合基于“原图比例尺-综合后比例尺”判断是否需要综合的方法已不再适用。矢量数据在可视化后会产生视觉粘连,视觉粘连越明显,地图表达效果越差,综合的需求也越强烈。基于此规律,本文提出对视觉粘连进行定量描述并据此判断是否需要综合。首先,从人类视觉感受出发,结合栅格化思想设计了矢量曲线视觉粘连的量化指标——视觉清晰度。然后,基于“金字塔式”的尺度空间计算曲线在多个比例尺表达的清晰度,并拟合了清晰度的变化函数。最后,将该函数应用于众源地理数据的网络地图综合决策。试验结果表明,本文方法可准确判断每条矢量曲线是否需要综合,能有效解决地理数据尺度异质性带来的可视化难题。同时,清晰度变化函数将曲线的尺度描述由静态数值扩展到连续函数,有望更好地支持多尺度空间数据处理及网络地图综合等问题。     

Mapping 3D visibility in an urban street environment from mobile LiDAR point clouds

ABSTRACT

Visibility determination is a key requirement in a wide range of national and urban applications, such as national security, landscape management, and urban design. Mobile LiDAR point clouds can depict the urban built environment with a high level of details and accuracy. However, few three-dimensional visibility approaches have been developed for the street-level point-cloud data. Accordingly, an approach based on mobile LiDAR point clouds has been developed to map the three-dimensional visibility at the street level. The method consists of five steps: voxelization of point-cloud data, construction of lines-of-sight, construction of sectors of sight, construction of three-dimensional visible space, and calculation of volume index. The proposed approach is able to automatically measure the volume of visible space and openness at any viewpoint along a street. This approach has been applied to three study areas. The results indicated that the proposed approach enables accurate simulation of visible space as well as high-resolution (1 m × 1 m) mapping of the visible volume index. The proposed approach can make a contribution to the improvement of urban planning and design processes that aim at developing more sustainable built environments.     

发达国家海上搜救体系对比研究及对我国的启示

提升海上应急搜救能力对保障人民生命安全、维护国家海洋权益、彰显大国责任和担当具有积极作用和深远意义。发达国家海上搜救体系的先进性主要体现在搜救力量专业化、应急响应快捷化、组织协调高效化、搜救业务程序化等方面。文中对美国、英国、澳大利亚、日本4个国家的海上搜救组织构成、搜救力量水平、搜救工作模式等进行了分析,与我国海上搜救体系和机制进行了对比,并从优化搜救组织模式、完善搜救运行机制、健全搜救力量等方面给出了发展我国海上搜救体系的建议。     

Similarity of electrophoretic dissolved protein spectra from coastal to pelagic seawaters

Dissolved proteins in seawater samples collected from a coastal area of Tokyo Bay, Sagami Bay and a location off the Kuroshio Current were investigated by one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and high resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE). Four to nine protein bands were detected in SDS-PAGE in the apparent molecular weight (MW) range from 12 kilo Dalton (kDa) to 49 kDa. The 2-DE technique distinguished 10 to 46 protein spots exhibiting isoelectric point (pI)/MW ranging 4.3–9.2/12–63 kDa. The elecrophoretic patterns were similar between the coastal and pelagic samples, as well as previously reported patterns from various pelagic areas. The close similarity of electrophoretic mobility on both SDS-PAGE and 2-DE gels indicates the compositional homogeneity of dissolved proteins in seawater throughout a broad range of marine environments. Proteinaceous dissolved organic matter (DOM) that was unresolved and smeared staining characteristics on both SDS-PAGE and 2-DE gels was first observed in Tokyo Bay waters in the present study and its possible sources are discussed. Although the two protein species, 48 kDa and 39 kDa proteins, have been identified as homologues of Porin P and low molecular weight-alkaline phosphatase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, respectively, four strains of P. aeruginosa and two species of Pseudomonas spp. have been newly identified as the source organisms of these proteins using the N-terminal amino acid sequence data determined in previous studies.     

基于自愈型独立性服务组合模型的设计与实现

在网络服务中,一个用户服务请求可能同时匹配多个服务单元,如何高效可靠地组合原子服务成为亟待解决的问题.所设计的系统模型依照最新的TCP规范、通过将元服务搜索、服务自愈组合和服务验证模块相结合;能够实现服务中原子服务的准确搜索,原子服务问的最佳组合,以及最后对服务进行验证,形成快速方便的应用构架,解决电子政务、电子商务应用中巨量服务集成带来的非线性复杂问题和新的软件危机,促进服务社会合理的智能化转型.     

Evaluation on tourism ecological security in nature heritage sites —Case of Kanas nature reserve of Xinjiang, China

The nature heritages are the precious legacy of nature with outstanding scientific and aesthetic value. They are quite different from other common ecotourism areas, because of its original and unique system, sensitive and vulnerable landscape, and peripheral cultural features. Therefore, the tourism development in the nature heritage sites should be on the premise of ecological security. The evaluation index system of tourism ecological security in nature heritage sites was constructed in this article by AHP and Delphi methods, including nature ecological security, landscape visual security and local culture ecological security, and the security thresholds of indices were also established. In the indices’ weights of the evaluation model, the nature ecological security ranked the highest, followed by tourist landscape visual security and culture ecological security, which reflected the influence degree of the limited factor to tourism ecological security. Then, this paper carried out an empirical study of Kanas of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, which has the potential to be the World Nature Heritage. On the basis of the data attained from survey and observation on the spot, as well as questionnaire answered by tourists and local communities, the ecological security status in Kanas was evaluated. The result showed that the status of Kanas tourism ecological security was better, but there had some limiting factors. Lastly, effective measures were put forward to ensure its ecological security. Foundation item: Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40671057), Knowledge Innovation Programs of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX3-SW-355)     

一种获取Klobuchar电离层改正模型的新方法

介绍了利用松弛搜索法对Klobuchar模型的参数进行拟合,并利用IGS提供的IONEX格式对全球电离层数据进行试验分析,获得了可靠的结果。     

GISVlog模型的设计与实现

本文以地理信息系统(GIS为基础,分析了地理信息系统沃客(GISVlog,)形成的两个背景——网络新技术提高GIS生命力和沃客(Vlog,Vedio log的缩写)为网络增值;分别论述了GISVlog形成对GIS发展和Vlog发展的意义;在普通GIS的系统功能结构和Vlog的系统功能结构的基础上构建GISVlog的框架结构并加以实现;论文最后展望了GISVlog的发展前景,提出GISVlog是网络搜索技术新的研究方向。     

融合光度参数估计的单目直接法视觉里程计

针对单目直接法视觉里程计在光照变化大的场景下定位精度低、定位鲁棒性差的问题,文中提出一种融合光度参数估计的单目直接法视觉里程计.首先通过对图像帧进行特征匹配实现特征跟踪,建立起图像像素点之间的关联,接着利用非线性优化方法进行光度参数估计,然后在光度参数估计提供的光度参数先验信息的基础上对图像灰度值进行校正,最后利用校正...