Development and application of a catchment scale diffuse nitrate modelling tool

Water pollution from diffuse sources is a problem of increasing concern. Efforts to control diffuse pollution have been confined mainly to agricultural land and forests. Little attention has been paid to sources of diffuse pollution from urban areas. A diffuse nitrate modelling tool (DNMT) has been developed for modelling the fate of nitrate in urban areas. This tool works at the catchment scale and has a modular structure that consists of three components: the hydrological module, the nitrogen cycle module and the nitrate transport module. The hydrological model describes the possible flow pathways. The nitrogen cycle model accounts for the mass balance of nitrate and calculates the amount of nitrate for potential loss. The nitrate transport module simulates the movement of nitrate within and from the soil to the receiving water. This paper demonstrates the development of the tool and its application in the White Cart Water catchment. This implementation of the tool shows that it has a good capability for simulating the fate of nitrate in urban catchments. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

虾—鱼—贝—藻多池循环水生态养殖模式的研究

建立了一种虾、鱼、贝、藻多池循环水生态养殖及水质生物调控系统 ,该系统包括对虾养殖、鱼类养殖、贝类养殖、大型海藻栽培等 4个功能不同的养殖区 ,1个水处理区及 1个应急排水渠。通过在封闭循环系统内不同池塘中放养生态位互补的经济动植物 ,对虾池水质环境进行生物调控。结果表明 ,循环系统内虾池水层悬浮物数量、COD值、氨态氮含量比对照组单养对虾池明显降低 (t检验 ,P <0 .0 1)。养殖后排放水不处于富营养化状态 (E <1)。投入每千克对虾饲料生产0 .6 6 7kg对虾 ,同时生产 0 .0 37kg罗非鱼、0 .738kg牡蛎、0 .4 37kg江蓠 ,饲料利用率和经济效益显著增加。该养殖模式还具有防病性、环保性、高效性等优点     

Influences of climate,terrain and land cover on stream salinity in southeastern Australia,and implications for management through reforestation

Reforestation of cleared land has the potential to reduce groundwater recharge, salt mobilization and streamflow. Stream salinity change is the net result of changes in stream salt load and streamflow. The net effect of these changes varies spatially as a function of climate, terrain and land cover. Successful natural resource management requires methods to map the spatial variability of reforestation impacts. We investigated salinity data from 2000 bores and streamflow and salinity measurements from 27 catchments in the Goulburn–Broken region in southeast Australia to assess the main factors determining stream salinity and opportunities for management through reforestation. For groundwater systems of similar geology, relationships were found between average annual rainfall and groundwater salinity and between groundwater salinity and low‐flow salinity. Despite its simplicity, we found that the steady‐state component of a simple conceptual coupled water–salt mass balance model (BC2C) adequately explained the spatial variation in streamflow and salinity. The model results suggest the efficiency of afforestation to reduce stream salinity could be increased by more than an order of magnitude through spatial planning. However, appreciable reductions in stream salinity in large rivers through land cover change alone would still require reforestation on an unprecedented scale. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Comprehensive Assessment of Seawater Quality on an Improved Attribute Recognition Model

The attribute recognition model （ARM） has been widely used to make comprehensive assessment in many engineering fields, such as environment, ecology, and economy. However, large numbers of experiments indicate that the value of weight vector has no relativity to its initial value but depends on the data of Quality Standard and actual samples. In the present study, the ARM is enhanced with the technique of data driving, which means some more groups of data from the Quality Standard are selected with the uniform random method to make the calculation of weight values more rational and more scientific. This improved attribute recognition model （IARM） is applied to a real case of assessment on seawater quality. The given example shows that the IARM has the merits of being simple in principle, easy to operate, and capable of producing objective results, and is therefore of use in evaluation problems in marine environment science.     

Orbit Determination of Binary Asteroids

In addition to the detection of an asteroid moon or a binary asteroid, the knowledge of the satellite’s true orbit is of high importance to derive fundamental physical parameters of the binary system such as its mass and to shed light on its possible formation history and dynamical evolution (prograde/retrograde orbit, large/small eccentricity or inclination, etc.). A new methodology for preliminary orbit determination of binary asteroids – and visual binaries in general – is proposed. It is based on Thiele–Innes method combined with a ‘trial and error’ Monte-Carlo technique. This method provides the full set of solutions (bundle of orbits, with the 7 orbital elements) even for a reduced number of observations. The mass is a direct by-product of this orbit determination, from which one can next infer the bulk-density and porosity. In addition to the bundle of orbits, the method provides the marginal probability densities of the foreseen parameters. Such error analysis – since it avoids linear approximation – can be of importance for the prediction of the satellite’s position in the plane-of-sky during future stellar occultations or subsequent observations, but also for the analysis of the orbit’s secular evolution. After briefly describing the method, we present the algorithm and its application to some practical cases, with particular emphasis on asteroids binaries and applications on orbital evolution.     

Multi-agent Blind Model and Its Application to Regional Eco-environmental Quality Assessment

1 Introduction Eco-environmental quality assessment is an activity that is affected by man-made factors. As other environmental systems, regional eco-environment is also a complicated and uncertain system (Wu et al., 2005). Owing to these reasons, people may produce a style of subjective un- certainty in mind in evaluating such system (Liu et al. 1999a; Wu et al., 2004). According to unascertained mathematics (Liu et al., 1997; Liu et al., 1999b), we know that this kind of subjective uncerta…     

山东省济宁及枣庄地区煤矿矿坑排水综合利用规划建议

近年来，随着济宁、枣庄地区煤矿资源的大规模开发，矿坑排水对矿区地下水资源及生态环境产生的负面影响愈发突出，已逐步引起政府和社会有关部门的关注．本文是在全面调查区内矿山基本情况。矿坑排水水量、水质的基础上，进行了矿坑水水处理方法的探索．指出了矿坑排水合理开发利用方向．并提出了综合利用规划建议。     

浮床无土栽培植物控制池塘富营养化水质

采用浮床无土栽培技术,在池塘水面种植景观植物--陆生植物美人蕉(Cana generalis     

东风盐场卤水中可溶性糖的研究──Ⅰ、盐田卤水中可溶性糖的季节变化及其与海盐产量和质量之间的关系

对东风盐场9个站位卤水中由藻类植物产生的可溶性糖浓度的变化规律及其与海盐产量和质量之间的关系进行了研究。结果表明，各站位可溶性糖含量的变化范围为0．7－124．3mg／L，以6月份最高，2月份最低；卤水中可溶性糖在111mg／L－215mg／L范围内，结晶盐的产量随卤水中可溶性糖含量的增加而提高，但同时降低了NaCl的含量，并增加了可溶性杂质及水分的含量，从而降低了盐质。初始可溶性糖浓度为111mg／L、137mg／L、160mg／L、193mg／L和215mg／L的25．4°Be’的卤水，在日照下实验12天，其对应结晶盐的NaCl含量分别为91．66％、90．63％、90．48％、90．23％和88．46％，可溶性杂质的含量分别为3．05％、3．32％、3．33％和4．54％。