能见度气象监测数据质量检查方法初探

运用河北省境内103套交通气象监测站逐分钟的能见度气象监测数据,结合气象台站自动站和人工观测资料,探讨了能见度气象监测数据的质量问题和质量检查方法。归纳出3类能见度监测数据的质量问题,提出允许值检查、时间一致性检查、内部一致性检查、空间一致性检查、人为识别法等几种可用于能见度气象监测数据的质量检查方法,同时给出了雾和强降雨造成的低能见度数据质量检查和控制指标。     

不确定度在多波束测深数据质量评估中的应用

在海道测量中,由于无法对测量数据进行多余和重复观测,因而不能精确测定各种误差,同时也几乎没有测量成果质量的控制指标,这正是多波束测深数据质量评估所面临的现实且急需解决的难题。基于国际海道测量规范S-44(5th)的要求,研究了不确定度在多波束数测深数据质量评估中的应用。通过实例分析可知,测量结果的可用性在很大程度上取决于其不确定度的大小,不确定度越小,说明测量结果质量越高,越具有可靠性。因此,将不确定度充分合理地应用于多波束测深数据处理和评估是一种最为理想的途径。     

海洋测量成果质量控制的探讨

结合实际测量过程中出现的问题,对提高海洋测量成果质量的几个关键环节进行了思考,从标准规范、规章制度到人员素质等三个方面提出了相应的建议,对于提高技术人员的基本素质、严格执行标准规范和规章制度、全面提高测量成果质量具有一定的参考意义。     

自组织数据地图在大辽河河口水质分析中的应用

自组织数据地图(SOM,Self-organizing Map)具有强大的数据压缩和提炼功能,应用它可以对水质监测数据进行处理,找到水质分析的新方法。本文以大辽河河口水质监测数据为例,应用MATLAB中SOM工具箱,采用批处理SOM算法,利用MATLAB语言编写出水质分析程序。该程序通过SOM的训练对数据特征进行分析和显示,并进一步分析SOM训练结果,将监测数据分成4类,最后实现数据跟踪及新的监测数据的自动归类。该方法可以将水质监测数据的特征可视化,便于直观、深入地分析水质状况,为识别水质特征、跟踪水质变化和应对措施提供决策支持。     

Effects of an artificial oyster shell reef on macrobenthic communities in Rongcheng Bay,East China

An artificial oyster shell reef was deployed in Rongcheng Bay, East China. However, the effects of this reef on the surrounding macrobenthic communities were unknown. We compared sedimentary factors, macrobenthic biomass, abundance, and community composition and ecological indicators between the reef and non-reef areas over a one year period. The mean values for chlorophyll a （Chl a）, total organic matter （TOM）, total organic carbon （TOC）, and total nitrogen （TN） content in surface sediments in the reef area were slightly higher than those in the non-reef area. The Chl a levels differed significantly between the two areas, but the TOM, TOC, and TN were not significantly different. The abundance of crustaceans was significantly different between the two areas, but the abundance and biomass ofpolychaetes, echinoderms, mollusk did not differ significantly. The permutational multivariate analysis of variance （PERMANOVA） revealed that the macrobenthic community differed significantly through time and analysis of similarity multivariate analyses （ANOSIM） revealed that the macrobenthic community differed significantly in some months. The ecological indicators revealed that the environmental quality of the reef area was slightly better than that of the non-reef area. Overall, our results suggest that the artificial oyster shell reef may change the macrobenthic community and the quality of the environment. Despite the lack of an effect in the short term, long-term monitoring is still needed to evaluate the effects of artificial oyster shell reefs on macrobenthic communities.     

Assessing seawater quality with a variable fuzzy recognition model

With the rapid development of the marine economy industry, human exploitation of marine resources is increasing, which is contributing to the growing trend of eutrophication and frequent occurrence of red tide. Accordingly, investigations of seawater quality have attracted a great deal of attention. This study was conducted to construct a seawater environmental quality assessment model based on the variable fuzzy recognition model. The uncertainty and ambiguity of the seawater quality assessment were then considered, combining the monitoring values of evaluation indicators with the standard values of seawater quality. Laizhou Bay was subsequently selected for a case study. In this study, the correct variable model for different parameters was obtained according to the linear and nonlinear features of evaluation objects. Application of the variable fuzzy recognition model for Laizhou Bay, water quality evaluation and comparison with performance obtained using other approaches revealed that the generated model is more reliable than traditional methods, can more reasonably determine the water quality of various samples, and is more suitable for evaluation of a multi-index, multi-level, nonlinear marine environment system; accordingly, the generated model will be an effective tool for seawater quality evaluation.     

Effect of copper on the growth of shrimps Litopenaeus vannamei: water parameters and copper budget in a recirculating system

Shrimps( Litopenaeus vannamei) were intensively cultured in a recirculating aquaculture system for 98 days to investigate effects of 0.3 mg/L Cu on its performance, Cu budget, and Cu distribution. Shrimps in Cu-treated systems had greater mean final weight(11.10 vs 10.50 g), body length(107.23 vs 106.42 mm), survival rate(67.80% vs 66.40%), and yield(6.42 vs 5.99 kg/m 3), and lower feed conversion ratio(1.20 vs 1.29) than those in control systems but the differences were not significant. Vibrio numbers remained stable(10 4 –10 6 colony forming units/mL) in the rearing tanks of both control and treated systems. Total ammonium-N, nitrite-N, nitrate-N, pH, chemical oxygen demand, 5-day carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand, and total suspended solids were similar in controls and treatments. Dissolved Cu concentration in the treated systems decreased from 0.284 to 0.089 mg/L while in the control systems it increased from 0.006 2 to 0.018 mg/L. The main sources of Cu in the treated systems were the artificially added component(75.7% of total input), shrimp feed(21.0%), water(2.06%), and shrimp biomass(1.22%). The major outputs of Cu occurred via the mechanical filter(41.7%), water renewal(15.6%), and draining of the sediment trap(15.1%). The foam fractionator removed only 0.69% of total Cu input. Harvested shrimp biomass accounted for 11.68% of Cu input. The Cu concentration of shrimps in the Cu-treated systems(30.70 mg/kg wet weight) was significantly higher than that in control systems(22.02 mg/kg). Both were below the maximum permissible concentration(50 mg/kg) for Cu in seafood for human consumption in China. Therefore, recirculating systems can be used for commercial on-growing of Litopenaeus vannamei without loss of shrimp quality, even in water polluted by 0.30 mg/L Cu. The mechanical filter is the main route for Cu removal.     

基于指标规范值的海水水质评价的SVR模型

为了建立具有普适通用的海水水质评价的支持向量机模型,在设置各指标参照值和指标规范变换式,并对指标进行规范变换的基础上,应用免疫进化优化算法,建立基于指标规范值的海水水质评价的回归支持向量机模型。将优化好的模型用于珠江口海水水质的评价,其评价结果与BP神经网络的评价结果基本一致,从而表明基于指标规范值的支持向量机模型用于海水水质评价是可行的,且该模型较传统的支持向量机评价模型具有较好的普适性和通用性。     

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船舶海平面气压观测资料质量控制

随着数值预报模式不断发展,各类观测资料在数值模式中发挥着越来越重要的作用,船舶观测资料是海上3类观测系统 (卫星、飞机、船舶) 资料之一。为了保障船舶观测资料质量并有效地应用于数值模式,该文依据船舶观测资料的时空分布特征,以及2011年1月和7月T639分析场与观测资料对比分析结果,建立了一套船舶海平面气压资料质量控制方案,包括要素极值范围检查、缺测和冗余资料剔除、背景场一致性检查、测站黑名单建立等,并将该方案应用于2011年2月、6月、8月的观测资料。结果表明:船舶观测资料在时间上不连续且空间分布不均匀,会影响时间一致性检查和空间一致性检查质量控制效果;船舶海平面气压观测资料在所有观测要素中资料量最大,但其缺测和冗余资料量约占50%;黑名单资料的质量控制方案能够有效识别和剔除黑名单资料,且有利于对各测站的检查与维修工作;由于五大湖和大奴湖地区地形高度的影响,在背景场一致性检查过程中需对这些区域的背景场资料进行订正。