加权支持向量回归机及其在水质预测中的应用

支持向量机是一种基于结构风险最小化原理的学习技术，也是一种新的具有很好泛化性能的回归方法。本文对用于回归估计的标准支持向量机加以改进，提出了一种新的用于回归估计的支持向量机学习算法，针对各样本重要性的差异，给各个样本的惩罚系数和误差要求赋予不同权重，并利用加权支持向量回归机的理论及其算法构建水质预测模型。实验结果表明，该方法对水质具有较好的预测效果。     

International Association of Geoanalysts' Protocol for the Certification of Geological and Environmental Reference Materials: A Supplement

The International Association of Geoanalysts (IAG) published a protocol for the certification of reference materials in close accord with the International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) guidelines (Kane et al. 2003). This article supplements that protocol, providing additional discussion of best approaches for pre-selecting laboratories for participation in certification projects. This discussion also makes a distinction between inter-laboratory certifications, where n = 15 is the general standard, and expert laboratory certifications, where a much smaller number of laboratories will be deemed qualified to provide data of the quality needed for certification.     

Hydrogeochemical parameters for assessment of groundwater quality in the upper Gunjanaeru River basin,Cuddapah District,Andhra Pradesh,South India

In the management of water resources, quality of water is just as important as its quantity. In order to know the quality and/or suitability of groundwater for domestic and irrigation in upper Gunjanaeru River basin, 51 water samples in post-monsoon and 46 in pre-monsoon seasons were collected and analyzed for various parameters. Geological units are alluvium, shale and quartzite. Based on the analytical results, chemical indices like percent sodium, sodium adsorption ratio, residual sodium carbonate, permeability index (PI) and chloroalkaline indices were calculated. The pre-monsoon waters have low sodium hazard as compared to post-monsoon season. Residual sodium carbonate values revealed that one sample is not suitable in both the seasons for irrigation purposes due the occurrence of alkaline white patches and low permeability of the soil. PI values of both seasons revealed that the ground waters are generally suitable for irrigation. The positive values of Chloroalkaline indices in post-monsoon (80%) and in pre-monsoon (59%) water samples indicate absence of base-exchange reaction (chloroalkaline disequilibrium), and remaining samples of negative values of the ratios indicate base-exchange reaction (chloroalkaline equilibrium). Chadha rectangular diagram for geochemical classification and hydrochemical processes of groundwater for both seasons indicates that most of waters are Ca–Mg–HCO₃ type. Assessment of water samples from various methods indicated that majority of the water samples in both seasons are suitable for different purposes except at Yanadipalle (sample no. 8) that requires precautionary measures. The overall quality of groundwater in post-monsoon season in all chemical constituents is on the higher side due to dissolution of surface pollutants during the infiltration and percolation of rainwater and at few places due to agricultural and domestic activities.     

中国优质环保型炼焦煤的评价及资源量等级

我国炼焦煤资源丰富，但优质炼焦煤一直处于短缺局面。根据全国已有煤质数据分析，从优质（主要考虑挥发分指标）、环保（主要考虑硫分和灰分指标）两个方面结合有害微量元素含量，将炼焦煤划分为四种类型，确定了优质环保型炼焦煤资源的评价步骤，对全国五个赋煤区优质环保型炼焦煤的资源量等级进行了统计分析。     

磁铁矿采空区处理施工工艺与技术方法探讨

文章系统地介绍了采用地质钻机成孔,高压注浆机进行充填注浆的施工方法。为了将水泥砂浆及水泥粉煤灰浆填入采空区,采用能施加高压的输送泵及高压注浆设备、铸铁注浆管、水泥封孔的注浆工艺处理采空区铁路路基。在信息化施工过程中,通过试验不断地调整设计方法、改进施工工艺,在处理巨型磁铁矿采空区工程实践中达到了预期的目标。施工中,在控制充填边界、封孔方法及施工工艺等方面有一定的创新。提出的采空区施工技术控制、质量检测与评价方法,对同类工程勘察、设计及施工具有一定的参考价值。     

遥感监测水质参数的方法概述

介绍了内陆湖泊水质遥感监测的特点及遥感监测水质的机理;总结了国内外近年来用于内陆湖泊水质参数反演的3种常用方法:经验模型、半经验法和机理模型法,并分析了3种模型的优缺点;讨论了目前遥感在水质监测应用中存在的问题和未来该领域研究的重点。     

广西自动气象站平行观测资料质量评估

对广西2004年投入运行的39个自动气象站的自动观测资料与人工观测资料进行对比分析,形成了各个观测要素的质量评估,并对两种观测资料差异的原因进行了初步探讨。     

线状要素化简算法的分析与评估

线状要素是地图中量最大、形式最多样的要素,它们的化简在自动制图综合中非常重要。目前对线状要素化简的算法研究较多,但其化简质量却少有研究。针对化简算法的基本要求,提出了易于操作的评估化简算法质量的6个方面:面积差、弯曲度、最大拐角比率、化简变化趋势、化简结果一致性和自相交性。通过大量实验,比较了Douglas-Peucker等算法的化简效果,最后对化简中的自相交问题提出了相应的改正措施。     

A filtering approach for estimating lake water quality from remote sensing data

In this paper we consider the estimation of lake water quality constituent distributions from hyperspectral remote sensing data. We present a computational approach that can be used to assimilate information from mathematical evolution models into data processing. The method is based on a reduced order iterated extended Kalman filter, and a convection–diffusion model is used to describe the movement of the water quality constituents. The performance of the technique is evaluated in a simulation study. The results show that the filter approach with an appropriate evolution model yields estimates that have better spatial and temporal resolutions than those obtained with conventional methods. Furthermore, the use of a feasible evolution model may make it possible to obtain information also on the concentrations in the lower parts of the lake.     

砼地基施工质量的CT检测技术

建筑工程板状砼地基属地下工程,其施工质量的检测与控制难度较大。根据该类工程的特点（面积大,厚度小）,可将其视为二维结构,采用弹性波ＣＴ成像方法检测其施工质量,在工程实践中取得了满意的效果。本文将结合工程实例介绍板状砼地基浇注质量的ＣＴ检测技术,包括弹性波ＣＴ的基本原理、野外数据采集系统的设计以及数据处理方法。