城乡整体观与区域可持续发展

分析了城乡整体观与区域可持续发展的关系,由城乡整体出发,从观念,发展模式,功能,空间和景观生态四个方面讨论了城乡一体化的特征,指出城乡可持续发展和城乡一体化战略推进的障碍在于城市病,乡村病,政府及人为因子障碍,最后从城乡协调发展战略,城乡规划与建设,城乡旅游业的开发三个方面探讨了近斯推进城乡一体化战略的可操作程式。     

乡村居民地半解析法地籍测图的研究与实践

作文详细阐述了笔者设计的乡村居民地半解析法地籍测图的工作过程、数据处理方法、绘图方法,为乡镇土地管理部门从事本行政区域的地籍测绘工作探讨了一条简便、实际、可行的途径。     

村镇空间结构演变与驱动力分析——以北京市密云县为例

本研究以北京市密云县为研究区,基于多期遥感影像的信息提取结果,选取公路和河流两个因素,采用空间分析技术,分析了村镇的变化特征,总结出村镇空间结构演变规律。从自然驱动力和人为驱动力两方面分析对村镇空间结构演变的影响。自然驱动力主要从地形和河流两方面进行分析;人为驱动力主要从人口、经济发展、公路和国家政策等方面进行分析。此研究结果可用于辅助村镇土地利用政策的制定。     

云南喀斯特断陷盆地典型群落植物生态化学计量学特征

喀斯特地区地质化学、气候和人类活动强烈影响植物群落组成、植物元素含量和化学计量特征。本文以云南省蒙自市断陷盆地区天然林、灌丛和草地群落植物为对象,研究了植物叶片12种元素含量和生态化学计量特征。结果显示:研究区内植物元素含量存在较大差异,各元素含量从高到低的顺序依次是C>Ca>N>K>Mg>P>Fe>Al>Zn>Mn>Na>Cu,三种群落植物N、K、Ca、Mg、Al、Cu、Zn、Mn含量存在显著差异。天然林与灌丛群落植物生长受到P含量的限制,而草地群落植物生长受到N与P单独或共同的影响。草地群落植物C:N、C:Ca、C:Mg显著高于天然林与灌丛植物,N:P则呈现相反格局。三种群落间植物C:Ca比例显著不同,表现为草地＞天然林＞灌丛。在研究区内,有27对元素含量呈现显著相关,占总元素对的40.9%。这些结果表明,云南喀斯特断陷盆地植物为适应环境,形成了独特的化学计量特征和适应策略。      

新时代法治渔村建设的挑战与出路

渔村治理现代化作为实现乡村振兴战略的重要组成部分,因其自身固有的发展特征,亟须进行法治化改革。这既是对全面依法治国方略在渔村治理的落实,也同新时代乡村治理体系的基本逻辑相符合。因此,新时代法治渔村建设需要中国特色社会主义法治价值的指引,法治价值同时为推进新时代渔村治理法治化,为渔村的政治、经济、社会发展以及生态文明建设等提供了重要的思想基础。法治价值的适用同样对于促进渔村渔业的高质量发展和改善传统渔村经济落后的局面具有重要意义,有必要在中国特色社会主义法治价值的指引下,找到新时代渔村良法善治的有效路径。     

大钦岛不同养殖年限深水网箱沉积物微生物群落结构分析

为研究深水网箱养殖年限对沉积物微生物群落结构的影响,分别对大钦岛海域养殖3、8、13、18 a网箱以及非养殖区(DZ)表层沉积物(0～2 cm)进行16S rDNA高通量测序。结果显示,长年网箱养殖(13、18 a)区域沉积物菌群的丰富度和多样性均显著高于短期网箱养殖(3、8a)区域(P<0.05)。随着养殖年限的增加,网箱沉积物优势菌门变化显著(P<0.05),短期网箱养殖(3、8 a)和非养殖区(DZ)沉积物主要优势菌门为拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota),变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes),长年网箱养殖(13、18 a)沉积物主要优势菌门为拟杆菌门,变形菌门、脱硫菌门(Desulfobacterota)。影响网箱养殖沉积物菌群结构的主导环境因子为Hg、Cd、有机碳以及石油类。冰鲜野杂鱼的投喂可能是大钦岛长年网箱养殖区环境恶化的重要因素之一,应推广绿色环保型配合饲料的使用,并采用微生物(以厌氧不产氧光合细菌为主的微生态制剂)、大型生物(刺参及大型藻类)相结合的协同治理手段进行污染沉积物修复,推进深水网箱的健康养殖和可持续发展。     

Association among active seafloor deformation, mound formation, and gas hydrate growth and accumulation within the seafloor of the Santa Monica Basin, offshore California

Seafloor blister-like mounds, methane migration and gas hydrate formation were investigated through detailed seafloor surveys in Santa Monica Basin, offshore of Los Angeles, California. Two distinct deep-water (≥ 800 m water depth) topographic mounds were surveyed using an autonomous underwater vehicle (carrying a multibeam sonar and a chirp sub-bottom profiler) and one of these was explored with the remotely operated vehicle Tiburon. The mounds are > 10 m high and > 100 m wide dome-shaped bathymetric features. These mounds protrude from crests of broad anticlines (~ 20 m high and 1 to 3 km long) formed within latest Quaternary-aged seafloor sediment associated with compression between lateral offsets in regional faults. No allochthonous sediments were observed on the mounds, except slumped material off the steep slopes of the mounds. Continuous streams of methane gas bubbles emanate from the crest of the northeastern mound, and extensive methane-derived authigenic carbonate pavements and chemosynthetic communities mantle the mound surface. The large local vertical displacements needed to produce these mounds suggests a corresponding net mass accumulation has occurred within the immediate subsurface. Formation and accumulation of pure gas hydrate lenses in the subsurface is proposed as a mechanism to blister the seafloor and form these mounds.     

Managed realignment as compensation for the loss of intertidal mudflat: A short term solution to a long term problem?

Intertidal mudflats are critical to the functional ecology of estuaries yet large areas are being lost as a result of land claim, erosion and coastal squeeze. This study examines whether managed realignment (at Paull Holme Strays, Humber estuary) can realistically achieve compensation for the loss of intertidal mudflat in the long term. Typical estuarine species quickly colonised the site with the total number of species recorded from the site as a whole being almost equal to that in the reference area within one year. Comparable biomass between the two areas was achieved after 2 years. However, organism abundance remains an order of magnitude lower within the realignment site compared to outside. Community structure within the realignment has changed from one characterised by terrestrial/freshwater organisms and early colonising species to one composed of typically estuarine species. However, the developing benthic communities only represent those typical of the estuary in areas of low elevation and high inundation frequency. Rapid accretion has favoured saltmarsh colonisation in much of the realignment site and this is expected to increase as accretion proceeds with invertebrate colonisation being inhibited by increasing elevation. Hence, realignment to restore intertidal mudflats can only be a short term solution in sites of high tidal elevation and in a dynamic and turbid estuary with high natural accretion rates, such as the Humber.     

新一轮区域规划若干问题探讨

对新规划理念与方法的应用、区域规划的空间尺度选择与规划重点、区域协调发展的空间管治分区与功能定位、空间发展模式的多样性选择以及各种规划间的关系如何衔接等问题进行探讨,认为新一轮区域规划应革新理念,坚持以“科学发展观”为指导思想,借鉴“反规划”方法,实行弹性规划期限;以县域规划作为基本规划单元,开展村镇小区域规划和城市群大区域规划;合理确定空间管治的分区与功能定位,选择多样性空间发展模式,完善区域规划体系,以理顺各种规划关系并提高规划的总体效用。     

Trophic functioning of macrobenthic fauna in a tropical acidified Bornean estuary (Southeast Asia)

The trophic structure of a community is used to infer ecosystem functioning(e.g. energy transfer and nutrient cycling). Here the trophic structure of the benthic infaunal and epifaunal communities in the Brunei Estuary are characterized, and their distribution along an estuarine pH gradient is analyzed using univariate and multivariate techniques. This analysis revealed that surface deposit feeders(e.g., polychaetes) were numerically dominant within the infaunal communities whereas in the epifaunal communities filter feeders(e.g., bivalves) were highly abundant. Species richness for almost all trophic groups increased toward the lower estuary, except for omnivores in the epifaunal communities, which decreased markedly. Both Analysis of Variance(ANOVA) and Analysis of Similarities(ANOSIM) detected significant differences in the density of respective trophic groups among stations. Within infaunal communities, both Biological and Environmental procedure(BIO-ENV) and Canonical Correspondence Analysis(CCA) showed that trophic shifts were associated with environmental gradients. Surface-deposit feeders and omnivores were the most abundant macrobenthos of the upper estuary characterized by low salinity, low pH, and a higher percentage of mud particles. The proportion of filter feeders and carnivores increased with salinity/pH and sand. A more uniform distribution of trophic structure was found in the lower estuary, with high salinity and pH over sandy habitat. In contrast, within epifaunal trophic groups,the percentage of surface deposit feeders and omnivores declined, but filter feeders remarkably increased toward the sea. The proportion of carnivores remained similar at all stations. Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling(nMDS) ordination for epifaunal trophic groups clearly demarcated higher salinity/pH stations from lower salinity/pH stations, suggesting different trophic compositions along the estuarine pH gradient.