Upper tertiary rocks from the continental shelf and slope off Southern Hawkes Bay

Sixteen rock samples were collected from the continental shelf and slope between Napier and Cape Turnagain, southern Hawkes Bay, most coming from offshore anticlinal ridges. Nine of the samples have a foraminiferal fauna of Upper Miocene and Pliocene age. The remainder cannot be dated, but most are probably of similar age. The foraminiferal. faunas are considered to have lived at depths ranging down to at least 1600 m deeper than the depth from which they were collected. Thus, the post‐depositional history of the samples includes tectonic uplift of similar magnitude since Upper Tertiary times. Because most of the samples arc very fine grained, unlike Recent sediments from ridges, it is suggested that the present regime of folding is largely post‐Pliocene in age.     

Species and plant community reorganization in the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt under climate change conditions

This study analyzes six vegetation communities in relation to current climatic parameters and eight climate change scenarios along an elevation gradient extending from 2,710 m to 4,210m in the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. The projected movements of 25 plant species with the current restricted or wide altitudinal distributions were also modeled. To relate climatic parameters to the species and communities, a Precipitation/Temperature(P/T)index was used both for the current and the different climate-change scenarios. The temperatures are expected to increase by 1.1°C to 1.7°C by 2020 and by2°C to 3°C by 2050. A decrease of 4% to 13% in the annual precipitation is expected for the 2020 horizon,and a reduction between 3% and 20% is expected for2050. The reductions in water availability were projected for all altitude levels and plant communities.The most marked reduction was under the HADLEYA2 scenario, in which the lower limit of the altitudinal range increased from 2,710 to 3,310 m(2050 horizon)with reductions in the P/T index between 36% and39% compared to the current climate. Most plant species tended to shift their distribution from 200 to300 m upward in the 2020 temporal horizon scenarios. The Pinus hartwegii, Alnus jorullensis and Pinus montezumae communities would have a shorter altitudinal range as they move upward and merge with the remaining species at the higher altitudinal range. For the 2050 temporal horizon,30% of the species, primarily those from the higher altitudinal range, would disappear because their P/Tindex values would be above the limit of plant survival(4,210 m).     

民采空区危险性两级模糊综合评判——以招远市北截村为例

在充分搜集资料的基础上,对招远市北截村民采空区进行实地勘查,从地质条件、灾害发育程度及采空区特征3个影响因素入手,选取了9个评判因子进行两级模糊综合评判,采取最大隶属度原则确定采空区危险性等级,并进行了评估分区。评判结果能较准确地反应实际情况,为该区地质灾害防治工作及开发建设规划提供了依据。     

农户对农村居民点整合的意愿及其驱动机制——以重庆市沙坪坝区曾家镇白林村为例

农村居民点整合作为乡村治理的重要内容,在时间上,既要与农村居民点建设相联系,又要真实反映未农户的居住意愿、需求与偏好;在空间上,既要满足不同农户的生产、生活需求,还要考虑农户所在村落的空间层次;尊重农户的整合意愿与发挥农村居民点整合效应间的耦合,已成为农村居民点整合和解决民生的重心。研究选取重庆市沙坪坝区曾家镇白林村为样点,采取“PRA(Participatory Rural Appraisal)+3S(GIS+RS+GPS)”的方法建立“农户—土地”空间特征与属性特征一体化数据库,按农户生计资产配置结构和未来生计发展趋势,剖析不同类型农户对农村居民点整合的意愿及其驱动机制。结果表明:农户农村居民点整合意愿各异,非农专业化发展型(72.82%)>非农多样化发展型(49.66%)>兼业发展型(44.44%)>农业专业化发展型(36.84%)>农业多样化发展型(37.33%)。农户农村居民点整合意愿受家庭经济、居住环境、社会交往及政策等多种因素的影响,而农户后顾生计来源及其收入变化、居住条件、邻里关系、社会地位感知是农户农村居民点整合意愿形成的重要驱动机制。     

句法视角下广州传统村落空间形态及认知研究

本研究在句法视角下,选择广州小洲村为案例地,以轴线图结合意象图的分析方法,探讨村落空间形态与不同使用者空间认知的关系,得出以下结论：① 空间组构中具有高数值的某些变量,可被认为是地标性的显著空间元素,在使用者认知图表中扮演着重要的角色,其连续性极大地影响了空间认知;② 不同使用者的空间认知模式存在差异,本地居民能够更加容易认知村落深层次的空间格局;③ 城市化改变了传统村落具有的防御性及内聚性的原本形态特征,空间集聚中心由内部转向边缘,这是导致本地居民与其他使用者认知差异的重要原因.本研究为快速城市化进程中传统村落的发展与规划提供了重要启示,也是一种以新方法研究传统村落空间形态及空间认知的尝试.     

浙江省工业型村落：发展模式及其形成动力研究

工业型村落是中国新农村建设中的一种典型村落类型.浙江省工业型村落在空间表现为"块状经济"形态,其空间分布与各地级市的经济发展水平基本一致,局部地区出现了"跨越式"发展.浙江省工业型村落的形成模式与浙江省农村工业化密切相关,按照地域不同,表现分为综合型模式和内生型模式两种,而尤以内生型模式最具浙江特色.作者认为,这种特色村落模式是在其深刻的内部动力和外部动力的作用下形成的.通过对村落形成动力的综合分析,作者认为其发展路径表现为改革开放条件下的历史偶然性与路径依赖,并对此进行分析.最后,文章对主要观点做了概括和思考.     

Urban locations and Black Metropolis resilience in the Great Depression

Motivated by theoretical arguments about ethnicity and economics and by historical research on urban black communities in the United States, this paper investigates the resilience of the early twentieth-century Black Metropolis. The study tests hypotheses about changes during the Great Depression (1930–1940) in the advantages of various cities as locations of black communities’ ethnic economies, analyzing Census data on blacks’ representation in occupations reflecting the Black Metropolis’s professional, entrepreneurial, and cultural media pursuits. There is mixed support for the hypothesis that the nationally dominant urban centers of New York, Chicago, and Philadelphia had the most resilient Black Metropolises, a finding that casts doubt on claims that black communities in such key places enjoyed exceptionally favorable locational advantages. Yet, the results support the hypothesis that northern cities were, overall, more resilient locations than southern cities, particularly for black professionals and entrepreneurs, affirming the argument that the urban North’s Black Metropolises were vital economic opportunity centers for these black communities’ upper- and middle-classes.     

山东省枣庄市张范乡小屯石膏矿床的地质特征

该文论述了小屯石膏矿的地层、岩石和构造等矿区地质特征、矿床地质特征和矿石质量,对矿床成因进行了分析。小屯石膏矿是山东省首次在奥陶纪东黄山段地层中发现的具有工业开采价值和经过详查的小型石膏矿床。该矿床的发现突破了以往的地质认识,拓宽了寻找石膏矿的领域,对以后寻找同类型的石膏矿床具有一定的借鉴意义。     

五极纵轴测深法在龙岩灰岩地区寻找岩溶水的应用

曲潭测区内地形较平坦,多为第四系覆盖,表层土质较均匀,接地条件较好,选择五极纵轴电测深法在区内寻找岩溶地下水,通过视电阻率及激电二次场的测量,对物探异常的解译和深部钻孔验证,成功找到日出水量达千吨以上的岩溶地下水,为今后在灰岩地区寻找岩溶地下水提供借鉴意义。采用物探方法寻找岩溶地下水是一种不可替代的勘查方法,可以减少单纯钻探成井的盲目性,提高找水的成功率。