Wave impacts on coastal cliffs: Do bigger waves drive greater ground motion?

Coastal cliff erosion is caused by a combination of marine forcing and sub-aerial processes, but linking cliff erosion to the environmental drivers remains challenging. One key component of these drivers is energy transfer from wave–cliff interaction. The aim of this study is to directly observe cliff ground motion in response to wave impacts at an individual wave scale. Measurements are described from two coastal cliff sites: a 45-minute pilot study in southern California, USA and a 30-day deployment in Taranaki, New Zealand. Seismometers, pressure sensors and video are used to compare cliff-top ground motions with water depth, significant wave height (H_s) and wave impact types to examine cliff ground motion response. Analyses of the dataset demonstrate that individual impact events can be discriminated as discrete events in the seismic signal. Hourly mean ground motion increases with incident H_s, but the largest hourly peak ground motions occurred across a broad range of incident H_s (0.9–3.7 m), including during relatively calm conditions. Mean hourly metrics therefore smooth the short-term dynamics of wave–cliff interaction; hence, to fully assess wave impact energy transfer to cliffs, it is important also to consider peak ground motion. Video analyses showed that the dominant control on peak ground motion magnitude was wave impact type rather than incident H_s. Wave–cliff impacts where breaking occurs directly onto the cliff face consistently produced greater ground motion compared to broken or unbroken wave impacts: breaking, broken and unbroken impacts averaged peak ground motion of 287, 59 and 38 μm s⁻¹, respectively. The results illustrate a novel link between wave impact forcing and cliff ground motion response using individual wave field measurements, and highlight the influence of wave impact type on peak energy transfer to coastal cliffs. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

MPEG4在海底彩色电视监控系统中的应用

研发深海电视监控系统使海洋调查人员能够对海底微地形、地貌和地质特征进行直接的观察,配合其他海底勘查装备可实现探测对象的定点探测和采样,从而大大提高海底地质勘查的能力和效果,提高工作效率。不同的视频编码方式,直接影响图像清晰度、数据存储量及稳定性,文章介绍了MPEG4在海底彩色电视监控系统中应用的成功经验。     

基于社会视频监控信息源的地震影响范围快速勾画

广泛分布于城乡各地的社会视频监控是震后获取地震灾情的重要数据源。基于地震视频灾情判读系统,对基于视频运动估计方法的主要技术原理和分析处理过程进行改进,并将其应用于2017年浙江临安4.2级地震影响场快速评估中。结果表明:利用该改进方法在震后4h内得到了基于社会监控的烈度分布,计算得到的最高烈度与现场实际调查相同,等震线优势方向与现场工作结果一致,V度面积和现场工作结果接近。     

Quantifying the largest aggregation of giant trevally Caranx ignobilis (Carangidae) on record: implications for management

The giant trevally Caranx ignobilis (Forsskål) is an important apex predatory fish typically associated with coral reef communities. It is prized in recreational and commercial fisheries, yet little is known about its aggregation dynamics and susceptibility to fishing pressure. This study reports on a previously undocumented aggregation of mature giant trevally observed over a period of eight years (2010–2017) at Ponta do Ouro Partial Marine Reserve in southern Mozambique. The aggregation is one of the few recorded for this carangid in the western Indian Ocean and represents the first subtropical aggregation of giant trevally. The aggregation is also the largest recorded for this species, with up to 2 413 individuals representing an estimated biomass of approximately 30 tonnes. The size and predictability of this annual aggregation make it vulnerable to overexploitation and point towards the need for an appropriate conservation management strategy.     

一种无人机视频影像快速配准方法

针对应急测绘中对无人机视频数据快速获取及处理的需求,提出了一种无人机视频影像快速配准方法。首先采用时间索引和线性/球面插值方法实现视频帧与无人机定位定姿信息的时间同步,根据数字微分纠正算法实现视频帧的地理编码,实现视频帧间的粗略配准,然后控制仿射变换模型中的缩放因子不变对纠正后视频帧的坐标进行调整,完成视频帧间的精配准:试验结果表明该方法能够得到航带内视频帧较好的配准效果。     

视频测量机器人星识别算法在自动天文定向中的应用

天文定向是通过观测天体确定方位的高精度定向方法,在天文测量中具有重要的作用,实现自动天文定向是目前天文定向的发展趋势。基于视频全站仪的工作模式,本文提出了一种星识别定向方法。首先通过视频测量连续快速拍摄多颗星,再将高度角和方位角差作为匹配条件,识别出各恒星,最后利用观测数据和解算的恒星数据关系获得定向结果,实现天文定向自动化。本文分析了因测站坐标误差和观测误差引起的星识别误差,由此给出匹配阈值,进一步提高了匹配的精确度和准确度。     

基于Argus图像的舟山东沙海滩对连续风暴的响应研究

海滩对风暴的响应是一个复杂的过程,尤其在连续风暴发生时。本研究利用Argus视频监测系统拍摄的连续图像,从海滩地貌、剖面、海滩滨线、海滩宽度等方面,定量分析了舟山东沙海滩对连续风暴"马勒卡"和"暹芭"的响应特征,并初步探讨了影响海滩地形地貌变化对连续风暴响应的因素。结果表明:(1)风暴"马勒卡"发生后海滩单宽体积变化量平均值为?73.75m3/m,风暴"暹芭"发生后海滩单宽体积变化量的平均值为?54.56m3/m,风暴"马勒卡"使整个海滩滨线平均后退14.75m,风暴"暹芭"使得海滩滨线相对于两次风暴前后退10.91m;(2)在海滩自身因素、外部动力因素以及人类活动等共同作用下海滩对连续风暴产生了复杂的响应。     

�봨����ǰ�����NmF2�쳣�Ŷ�

????COSMIC????????????????2008??5??12????Ms8.0?????????????4????5?????????F2???????????NmF2????????????з???????????4???????????????F2???????????NmF2??????????仯???????????????γ?????????????????????????????Щ?????п????????????????     

广西天气预报视频会商系统网管软件的操作及常见问题诊断

简要介绍广西天气预报视频会商系统中心控制平台的基本操作方法,并针对在业务运行中出现的常见故障,进行原因分析,并找出解决方法。