无验潮模式下的GPS水下地形测量技术

传统的水下地形测量模式定型于利用GPS测定水底点的平面位置,利用测深仪测定水底点的深度,附之以瞬时潮位资料,获得点位的高程。这种模式在上述条件具备的情况下,可取得完满的结果。但当验潮条件不具备时,该模式将不能获得测点的高程。为了弥补这一缺陷,简化工作流程,提高水下地形测量的精度,本文提出了一种无验潮模式下的水下地形测量思想,该思想不用专门测定潮位,而直接利用GPS的RTK测量技术,辅之以姿态测量和补偿,从而获得高精度的水底点高程。该方法被验证是正确的,希望进一步推广应用。     

浅水多波束系统SONIC 2024在码头测深中的应用

文中介绍浅水多波束系统SONIC 2024的技术优点,从姿态参数校正、潮汐改正、声速改正、测线滤波及曲面滤波等方面探讨多波束数据处理的关键技术。以码头实测数据验证该系统在水深测量应用中的便捷性和可靠性。     

水深对超浅吃水拖轮系柱拖力的影响

超浅吃水拖轮在浅海对钻井平台进行拖带和井位定位时,必须了解超浅吃水拖轮浅水系柱拖力特性,才能充分利用海潮条件和自身能力完成钻井平台的拖带和定位任务。     

Robust leader-follower formation tracking control of multiple underactuated surface vessels

This paper is concerned with the formation control problem of multiple underactuated surface vessels moving in a leader-follower formation.The formation is achieved by the follower to track a virtual target defined relative to the leader.A robust adaptive target tracking law is proposed by using neural network and backstepping techniques.The advantage of the proposed control scheme is that the uncertain nonlinear dynamics caused by Coriolis/centripetal forces,nonlinear damping,unmodeled hydrodynamics and disturbances from the environment can be compensated by on line learning.Based on Lyapunov analysis,the proposed controller guarantees the tracking errors converge to a small neighborhood of the origin.Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the control strategy.     

利用海水平均声速进行海洋分布式垂直缆姿态校正

垂直缆地震采集方法能够获得高信噪比、宽频带、宽方位角的地下结构的反射资料,进而实现目标区域的高精度成像。垂直缆姿态的准确获得是高质量地震资料解编的必要前提。利用初至采样点差值与震源激发采样点差值的相关匹配方法,得到共检波点道集。依据超短基线测得的位置参数,得到垂直缆的初始姿态模型,结合海水平均声速的估算值,校正垂直缆的姿态以及确定倾斜角度范围,为垂直缆地震数据的后续处理工作提供支持。     

世越号起吊姿态敏感性分析与方案选择

韩国世越号打捞是世界上首次利用托底钢梁原状态整体起吊难船出水的工程。客滚难船装载的货物容易在沉没后发生移位,上层建筑长时间沉没海底后发生泥沙淤积导致难以准确估计整船的重量重心及浮力浮心的位置。利用水池模型试验和数值计算两种方法分别对大型浮吊船单臂架打捞法和双驳船抬吊打捞法进行了难船姿态受重心位置偏移的敏感性分析。水池模型试验中发现,用大型浮吊船单臂架打捞法,世越号的姿态受其重心位置偏移非常敏感,容易发生侧翻;而用双驳船抬吊打捞法,世越号的姿态受其重心位置的影响非常有限,难船和抬浮驳船都可以保持一个较好的姿态。对比水池模型试验的结果,由于难以计及托底钢梁的翘动和滑动现象,数值计算中得到的难船起吊姿态值偏小。双驳船抬吊打捞法被选为打捞世越号的施工方案,其对难船重心位置偏移不敏感的特性得到了现场实证。这个特点为世越号的成功打捞出水起到了关键作用。     

Axial compressive bearing capacity of piles in ‎oil-contaminated sandy soil using FCV

ABSTRACT

Oil and its derivatives contaminate many soils and not only affect their chemical and biological properties but also their geotechnical properties. As oil contamination may deteriorate the functioning of piles, this paper addresses the effects of oil contamination on soil–pile interactions. Axial compressive bearing capacities of two close-ended, instrumented piles were investigated in different oil-contaminated sand using frustum confining vessel. Three different oils (gasoil, crude oil, and used motor oil) at different contamination levels were considered and using some strain gauges, the toe, shaft, and the net total bearing capacity of piles, as well as load distributions along the pile length, were derived. The results show that the presence of oil between soil particles has considerable adverse effects on bearing capacities of model piles, especially the shaft bearing capacity. The oil viscosity and percentage, as well as the contaminated sand bed thickness around the piles, are the most influential parameters. The higher the oil viscosity and oil content, the lower the values of the piles’ bearing capacities in comparison to the uncontaminated sand. With some modifications on the bearing capacity parameters of CFEM method, a good agreement was observed between measured and calculated bearing capacity values.     

海浪对水下垂直运动航行体出水姿态的影响分析

水下弹道是潜艇垂直发射导弹特有的一段弹道,导弹在航行过程中受到表层海水自然流动的影响,运动姿态发生复杂变化,其中,以海浪的影响最为明显。根据二维线性波理论在发射坐标系下建立了波浪模型,通过莫里森方程分析了海浪对水下垂直运动导弹的作用形式,建立了导弹水中运动数学模型,借助有限元思想,在Matlab/Simulink环境下仿真分析了不同航向和浪级下导弹水中运动姿态的变化规律,结论可为研究潜射导弹水中弹道提供参考和依据。     

深海极端环境模拟装置设计

为了满足深海极端环境科学研究的需求,设计了深海极端环境模拟装置。对系统结构以及工作原理进行分析,介绍了培养釜、温度控制子系统和压力控制子系统。重点针对当前模拟装置压力控制精度不高的问题,设计了高精度压力传感器,并提出一种迭代自学习PID压力控制算法,实现系统压力自动检测和连续控制,同时带有观察窗的培养釜结构可以实现微生物状况实时观测。实验结果表明,该系统能够实现深海极端环境参量高精度模拟,可以为深海极端环境科学研究提供很好的平台。