龙26-平25长水平段水平井钻井技术

为了高效开发低渗透油藏,在大庆油田龙26区块部署了龙26-平25长水平段水平井。介绍了井身结构与井眼轨迹剖面设计特点,分析了钻井施工中的难点,从井眼轨迹控制、旋转地质导向钻井技术、摩阻与扭矩监测、井眼清洁等几个方面对该井采用的技术措施进行了详细阐述。龙26-平25井完钻井深4045.00 m,水平段长2033.00 m,各项指标均符合设计要求,创出了大庆油田应用水基钻井液施工水平井水平段最长的记录,为今后施工同类型长水平段水平井积累了宝贵的施工经验。     

依托无人机倾斜摄影的电力走廊三维重建

电力线路走廊三维重建能够为线路巡检提供重要信息。针对电力走廊倾斜摄影几何需求和地面覆盖要求,该文设计和实现了一套数据采集设备,并实现了面向电力线路走廊三维重建的数据采集和处理。实验结果表明,该文设计的数据采集设备与无人机平台集成,能够较好地获取电力杆塔及其附属设施的航拍影像,实现电力线路走廊与电力设施的三维重建。     

辽宁省城市竞争力重心时空迁移分析

针对辽宁省14个城市竞争力的发展特点和时空迁移变化规律的问题,该文借助于城市竞争力评价指标体系,得到了辽宁省14年来14个地级市的城市竞争力水平,基于区域重心模型,得到2001—2014年城市各项竞争力重心的动态迁移轨迹,并对其进行对比分析。结果表明:辽宁省14个城市的竞争力水平不均衡,城市综合实力差异明显;辽宁省14个城市的经济发展竞争力重心和环境发展竞争力重心呈现向东北方向偏移的趋势,社会发展竞争力重心呈现出向南发展的趋势,社会发展水平滞后于经济和环境发展水平;城市竞争力重心迁移是一个时期城市群发展影响因素的具体体现,社会发展需要同经济发展、环境发展协调进行,才能提升城市综合竞争实力。     

Measures of transport mode segmentation of trajectories

ABSTRACT

Rooted in the philosophy of point- and segment-based approaches for transportation mode segmentation of trajectories, the measures that researchers have adopted to evaluate the quality of the results (1) are incomparable across approaches, hence slowing the progress in the field and (2) do not provide insight about the quality of the continuous transportation mode segmentation. To address these problems, this paper proposes new error measures that can be applied to measure how well a continuous transportation mode segmentation model performs. The error measures introduced are based on aligning multiple inferred continuous intervals to ground truth intervals, and measure the cardinality of the alignment and the spatial and temporal discrepancy between the corresponding aligned segments. The utility of this new way of computing errors is shown by evaluating the segmentation of three generic transportation mode segmentation approaches (implicit, explicit–holistic, and explicit–consensus-based transport mode segmentation), which can be implemented in a thick client architecture. Empirical evaluations on a large real-word data set reveal the superiority of explicit–consensus-based transport mode segmentation, which can be attributed to the explicit modeling of segments and transitions, which allows for a meaningful decomposition of the complex learning task.     

利用无人机影像和广义迭代重加权最小二乘法的三维重建

为了提高基于无人机影像重建三维场景的效率,提出了应用广义迭代重加权最小二乘法的全局式三维重建方法。首先,介绍了广义迭代重加权最小二乘法的基本思想和具体步骤;接着,将全局旋转矩阵的求解转化为李代数中旋转向量的求解问题,利用结合范数优化和迭代重加权最小二乘的方法求出全局旋转最优解;然后,根据极线几何约束条件,解算相机在全局坐标系下的相对平移方向向量,在广义迭代重加权最小二乘架构下,利用二次规划法求出相机全局位置最优解;最后,对影像位姿参数和重构三维点进行光束法平差优化。实验结果表明该方法在提高重建效率的同时,能够更真实地恢复场景的几何形态。     

京津冀地区冬半年污染传输特征及传输指数的改进

文章通过轨迹聚类、潜在源区分析等方法对京津冀地区冬半年污染物传输特征进行了分析,在此基础上对传输指数的构建方法进行了改进,并结合一次重污染天气过程分析了其作用。结果表明,对于北京、天津和石家庄,其重污染轨迹出现概率从高到低均为偏南路径、偏西路径、偏东路径和西北路径;在近地面高度上,西南和东南风的增强在大多时候成为北京的污染物传输通道,其中东南方向的污染物来源主要集中在大气低层;改进后的传输指数能够更好地反映外来传输作用对本地污染物浓度的影响,京津冀及周边地区的传输作用对北京、天津和石家庄等大城市的污染物浓度影响较明显,其中城郊及周边地区的近距离传输影响最为显著;合理应用传输指数可以对重污染天气的成因进行初步判断。     

大区域无人机影像数据的快速几何处理

无人机遥感影像快速几何处理被广泛应用于灾害应急监测与评估、军事侦察等领域。针对目前多数商业软件所依赖的硬件平台成本昂贵、软件开发过程复杂等问题,面向通用硬件平台,提出一种大区域无人机影像数据的快速几何处理方法。对制约处理效率的各关键算法进行优化和改造,实现大区域无人机影像数据的快速几何处理;在影像连接点匹配、正射纠正和影像镶嵌的处理过程中,均应用基于多核CPU并行处理技术,提高整体处理效率。多组无人机影像数据处理试验表明,该方法能够大幅提高处理效率,对硬件平台要求低,具有推广应用价值。     

Wave effects on ascending and descending motions of the autonomous underwater vehicle

In the paper, a hydrodynamic model including the characteristics of maneuvering and seakeeping is developed to simulate the six-degree of freedom motions of the underwater vehicle steering near the sea surface. The corresponding wave exciting forces on the underwater vehicle moving in waves are calculated by the strip theory, which is based on the source distribution method. With the hydrodynamic coefficients relevant to the maneuvering and seakeeping, the fourth-order Runge–Kutta numerical method is adopted to solve the equations of motions and six-degrees of freedom of the motions for the underwater vehicle steering near the free surface can be obtained. The wave effect on the corresponding motions of the underwater vehicle is investigated and some interesting phenomena with respect to different wave frequencies and headings are observed. The hydrodynamic numerical model developed here can be served as a valuable tool for analyzing the ascending and descending behaviors of the underwater vehicle near the sea surface.     

On the motions of the underwater remotely operated vehicle with the umbilical cable effect

In this paper, a hydrodynamic model is developed to simulate the six degrees of freedom motions of the underwater remotely operated vehicle (ROV) including the umbilical cable effect. The corresponding hydrodynamic forces on the underwater vehicle are obtained by the planar motion mechanism test technique. With the relevant hydrodynamic coefficients, the 4th-order Runge–Kutta numerical method is then adopted to solve the equations of motions of the ROV and the configuration of the umbilical cable. The multi-step shooting method is also suggested to solve the two-end boundary-value problem on the umbilical cable with respect to a set of first-order ordinary differential equation system. All operation simulations for the ROV including forward moving, ascending, descending, sideward moving and turning motions can be analyzed, either with or without umbilical cable effect. The current effect is also taken into consideration. The present results reveal that the umbilical cable indeed significantly affects the motion of the ROV and should not be neglected in the simulation.