节点相似度辅助下的线要素匹配方法设计

同名要素匹配是空间数据集成、更新和融合的关键技术。针对要素匹配中不同尺度数据构成差异但拓扑结构相似的问题,本文提出一种基于节点相似度的线要素匹配方法。该方法以线要素节点为主要特征,选取了方向、距离等相似性度量指标,并构建了拓扑、方向和距离三类约束,在此基础上,设计了一种基于拓扑关系和空间位置的匹配模型,实现了线要素特征点的相似性匹配。采用大规模道路网进行试验,试验结果表明,该方法切实可行,能够有效解决复杂线要素匹配问题。     

Analysis of large-scale UAV images using a multi-scale hierarchical representation

Abstract

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based imaging systems have many superiorities compared with other platforms, such as high flexibility and low cost in collecting images, providing wide application prospects. However, the acquisition of the UAV-based image commonly results in very high resolution and very large-scale images, which poses great challenges for subsequent applications. Therefore, an efficient representation of large-scale UAV images is necessary for the extraction of the required information in a reasonable time. In this work, we proposed a multi-scale hierarchical representation, i.e. binary partition tree, for analyzing large-scale UAV images. More precisely, we first obtained an initial partition of images by an oversegmentation algorithm, i.e. the simple linear iterative clustering. Next, we merged the similar superpixels to build an object-based hierarchical structure by fully considering the spectral and spatial information of the superpixels and their topological relationships. Moreover, objects of interest and optimal segmentation were obtained using object-based analysis methods with the hierarchical structure. Experimental results on processing the post-seismic UAV images of the 2013 Ya’an earthquake and the mosaic of images in the South-west of Munich demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed method.     

基于InSAR视角对基线精度的影响分析

干涉合成孔径雷达中存在的基线误差会严重影响高程测量的精度问题。由于地球曲率的存在,地物点参考椭球半径在不同纬度地区与星下点的地球半径存在较大的差异,给出了雷达视角与基线的关系式。从雷达临界视角的角度,给出了临界基线的公式。结果表明在一幅影像图上,用一个点的基线值代替整张影像的基线值所产生的误差会传播到DEM以及形变的结果中。     

一种多参数可控的随机复合半色调算法

此处提出了一种融合AM算法和FM算法优势、避免二者劣势的多参数可控随机复合半色调算法。该算法在避免莫尔条纹的同时降低了印刷复制难度,采用通用模板实现加网,节省了工作量。首先对加网角度模型、网点百分率以及网点排列模型进行了解析,提出了算法建模思想。通过设计通用模板或阈值矩阵以及构建网点单元精确定位算法,具体阐述了文中所提算法的建立过程。利用文中所提算法设计实验,对分色图像进行半色调化和叠印模拟。实验证明,文中所提算法是一种多项指标优于传统AM算法和FM算法的半色调方法。     

空间移动问卷调查方法研究

目前的问卷调查方法不关注空间地理信息,向决策者提供的信息多数为简单的统计分析结果,不能充分挖掘问卷中隐含的信息。该文提出了空间移动问卷调查方法,将每个"问卷"样本看做融"空间、时间、属性"于一体的"空间对象",通过引入GIS地图,将所有问卷样本进行空间可视化表达,并通过空间数据探索分析进一步揭示问卷属性信息背后潜藏的与社会、经济、人文等诸多因素相关的空间地理特征信息,也可针对问卷中的属性信息进行深入空间化研究。以空间问卷调查系统为例,以Android操作系统为平台,在客户端、用户操作流程、功能模块方面进行了构架。初步应用表明,该系统不仅丰富了问卷调查的内容,也为问卷调查工作的数字化、智能化、空间可视化提供了重要参考,但在系统的灵活性和实用性方面仍需强化。     

Analysis of permanent deformations of railway embankments under repeated vehicle loadings in permafrost regions

By large-scale dynamic tests carried out on a traditional sand-gravel embankment at the Beilu River section along the Qinghai-Tibet Railroad, we collected the acceleration waveforms close to the railway tracks when trains passed. The dynamic train loading was converted into an equivalent creep stress, using an equivalent static force method. Also, the creep equation of frozen soil was introduced according to the results of frozen soil rheological triaxial tests. A coupled creep model based on a time-hardening power function rule and the Druker-Prager yield and failure criterion was established to analyze the creep effects of a plain fill embankment under repeated train loads. The temperature field of the embankment in the permafrost area was set at the current geothermal conditions. As a result, the permanent deformation of the embankment under train loading was obtained, and the permanent deformation under the train loads to the total embankment deformation was also analyzed.     

一种宗地四至提取方法探讨

探讨了宗地四至提取方法,基于ArcGIS Engine组件技术,使用C#编程语言实现了宗地四至的自动化提取。为土地确权登记工作节省大量人力,提高了工作效率。     

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遥感影像边缘灰度分布函数研究

通过正态分布函数、反正切分布函数和二次有理分式函数分析了边缘灰度分布的变化特征,力图找出精度更高、速度更快的边缘定位方法 ;用3种函数对灰度图像和彩色图像边缘进行了定位分析。实验证明,反正切函数具有较高的精度,运算速度更快,可广泛应用于海量遥感影像边缘提取。