Analytical design of an underwater construction robot on the slope with an up-cutting mode operation of a cutter bar

In this paper, the movements of the analytical models of complete underwater tracked vehicle (UTV) and cutter bar (CB) tool systems on a surface as well as their movements up and down a slope in the up-cutting mode operation are fully studied and analyzed. First, the mathematical expression of the mechanics, for which the forces, moments, and energy from the CB to the UTV are analyzed, is related. Next, analyses on the systemic parameters and their sensitivity are conducted to observe the variations of the operational and geometric parameters, as well as the cutter-tool and material-condition effects on the force, moment, and power components. Also, a design process composed of seven typical steps is proposed as the reference of a trencher-machine design. The important design parameters of the trenching machine such as the length of the CB, the nose radius of the CB, and the height of the pivot point are designed according to the proposed design process; furthermore, these parameters are used for the estimation of the slope-angle range when the trencher system is working on the slope. To demonstrate the application of derived equations to practical problems of the machine design, a number of numerical simulations are performed. Through the numerical simulations, the important parameters of the system such as the tangential force, F_t, the tractive thrust, H, the normal reaction, V, the cutting moment, M_c, the maximum carrier weight, W, and the available power are analyzed. From these, as a reference data for the designing of a trencher machine, the previous design of the system can be improved.     

Seabat8125换能器船体坐标量取误差对测深结果影响

探究了Seabat8125多波束系统传感器之间的相对位置关系的量取误差对测深数据的影响。对换能器的垂直、水平坐标的量取偏差导致的测深数据的平面定位、水深值的偏差进行了多次数据试验。并结合旋转和平移矩阵来解释了这些偏差如何被带入测深结果中,同时也给出了其对测深结果影响的估值公式。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Main Street: Northeastern Oregon: The Founding and Development of Small Towns . Barbara Ruth Bailey . Food Politics: The Regional Conflict . David N. Balaam and Michael J. Carey , eds. The International Economy and Industrial Development: Trade and Investment in the Third World . R. Ballance , J. Ansari and H. Singer . Neighborhoods in Urban America . Ronald H. Bayor , ed. The English Heartland . By Robert Beckinsale and Monica Beckinsale . Regional Dimensions of Industrial Policy . Michael E. Bell and Paul S. Lande , eds. Tension Areas of the World . D. Gordon Bennett , ed. Latin America: an Introductory Survey . B. W. Blouet and O. M. Blouet , eds. Integration and Division: Geographical Perspectives on the Northern Ireland Problem . Frederick W. Boal and J. Neville H. Douglas , eds. Energy and Land Use . Robert W. Burchell and David Listokin , eds. Slopes and Weathering . Michael Clarke and John Small . Alaska's Rural Development . Peter G. Cornwall and Gerald Mc Beath , eds. The Politics of Park Design: A History of Urban Parks in America . Galen Cranz . World Congress on Land Policy, 1980, Proceedings . Matthew Cullen and Sharon Woolery , eds. Oregon Divided: A Regional Geography . Samuel N. Dicken and Emily F. Dicken . Urban Food Marketing and Third World Rural Development . T. Scarlett Epstein . South Africa: Spatial Frameworks for Development . T. J. D. Fair . Institutions and Geographical Patterns . Robin Flowerdew , ed. Industrialization of U.S. Agriculture, An Interpretive Atlas . Howard F. Gregor . Planning Theory: Prospects for the 1980s . Patsy Healy , Glen Mc Dougall and Michael J. Thomas , eds. Neighborhood Mobilization: Redevelopment and Response . Jeffrey R. Henig . The American Urban System: A Geographical Perspective . R. J. Johnston . Climate, History and the Modern World . Hubert H. Lamb . Climate and History: Studies in Past Climates and Their Impact on Man . T. M. L. Wigley , M. J. Ingram and G. Farmer . China: Railways and Agricultural Development, 1875–1935 . Ernest P. Liang . A Desirable Energy Future—A National Perspective . Robert S. Livingston , T. D. Anderson , T. M. Besmann , M. Olszewski , A. M. Perry , and C. D. West . Topothesia: Essays Presented to T. S. Ó Máille . B. S. Mac Aodha , ed. Transportation for the Poor: Research in Rural Mobility . Hal S. Maggied . Land Uses in American Cities . Harold M. Mayer and Charles R. Haves . Industrial Organisation and Location . Philip Mc Dermott and Michael Taylor . Human Adaptability: an Introduction to Ecological Anthropology . Emilio F. Moran . Regional Analysis and the New International Division of Labor . Frank Moulaert and Patricia W. Salinas , eds. The Nuclear War Atlas. Victoriaville, Quebec, Canada : Urbanization and Environmental Quality . Isao Orishimo . The Garden of Eden: The Botanic Garden and the Re-Creation of Paradise . John Prest . Earthfire, The Eruption of Mount St. Helens . Charles Rosenfeld and Robert Cooke . Contest for the South China Sea . Marwyn S. Samuels . The Future of the Wetlands: Assessing Visual-Cultural Values . Richard C. Smardon , ed. Tucson: the Life and Times of An American City. C. L. Sonnichsen . The Geography of Multinationals . Michael Taylor and Nigel Thrift , eds. Impact of Marine Pollution on Society . Virginia Tippie and Dana Kester . Reviving the Industrial City: the Politics of Urban Renewal in Lyon and Birmingham . Jerry A. Webman . Andean Reflections: Letters from Carl O. Sauer While on a South American Trip under a Grant from the Rockefeller Foundation, 1942 . Robert C. West , ed. Cartographic Drawing with Computers . P. Yoeli .     

城市导航地理数据库

导航数据库（Navigable Database）是指针对智能交通系统与定位服务应用需求而建立的具有统一技术标准的地理数据库.本文对导航数据与一般的地理信息数据在数据模型、数据的准确性、数据的组织方法等方面进行了比较.在简要介绍导航数据库概念后,讨论了城市交通系统中导航数据的来源及导航数据的处理理论.     

LBS中位置及其语义的研究

阐述了两种LBS位置表示方法，引入了语义位置的概念，对现有的语义位置概念作了修正。强调了位置属性也是语义位置的重要组成部分。通过对位置概念内涵和外延的分析，讨论了位置属性所包括的内容；运用层次建模，实现了位置之间关系的描述。为了能够规范化地描述语义位置，运用本体技术，对位置所包含的语义信息进行了描述，建立了能够被计算机识别和处理的OWI。位置本体模型。通过对语义位置的本体建模，实现了位置信息的知识化描述，为实现个性化服务奠定了基础。     

成都市城市道路塌陷成因及快速探测方法

城市道路塌陷严重危害城市公共安全,对城市道路塌陷隐患进行快速、准确、绿色的探测,有助于减少城市地下病害发育,提升城市安全运营能力。通过调查分析,成都市城市道路塌陷的主要成因包括地质结构复杂、地下水丰富、人类工程活动频繁等。采用车载三维探地雷达对城市道路进行快速探测,建立了以探测、解译、验证、评估、成果及信息化管理为系统的探测体系。实践表明,车载三维探地雷达是快速探测城市道路塌陷隐患的有效方法。     

无人机遥感图像及其三维可视化在汶川地震救灾中的应用

在分析了无人机低空遥感影像几何变形原理,对无人机遥感数据进行图像拼接与几何校正,正射精校正等处理后与高精度DEM融合,制作出了研究区景观的三维遥感虚拟动态模型。通过分析三维可视化图像,结合地形资料,对汶川地震重灾区安县荼坪河流域由山体滑坡和崩塌等地貌变化造成的堰塞湖和相关灾害,进行了高分辨率、低空遥感的灾害信息获取和灾情评估。实践表明,在灾害应急和复杂地形条件下,使用无人机低空遥感及其三维可视化技术,进行实地数据采集和信息提取,能够对震后各种实时情景进行精确描述,为决策者提供了准确、详细、及时的第一手资料,从而最大限度地减少损失。     

无人机近景摄影支持下的古建筑三维建模

三维建模已经广泛应用于文物保护、工程测量、城市服务、应急救灾、林业保护等多个方面。本文结合实际工程经验,对多旋翼无人机近景摄影的古建筑物三维建模进行了研究,提出了一种自主飞行结合手动多高度、多角度拍照的古建筑三维建模方法,并通过多个试验场景,验证了三维模型的精度和质量。同时,引入地面布设的控制点,利用空中三角测量及密集匹配技术,进而获得古建筑上各个特征点的三维坐标,为近景摄影测量在古建筑物变形监测方面的研究提供了新的思路。     

Technopoles, high-tech industries and regional development: A critical review

Technologies have played an important role in the restructuring of the productive system in the last quarter of the 20th century. The article looks at the macroeconomic context and at the transformation of the industrial organization. It then defines the concept of technopole. The author traces the principal elements of the different attempts of theorization with a critical angle, shows the logic of contemporary industry localisation, as well as the role of technopoles in regional development. Regional and industrial policy are then seen as the basis of the process of industrialization and of the technological transfer.