Geospatial data mining for digital raster mapping

We performed an in-depth literature survey to identify the most popular data mining approaches that have been applied for raster mapping of ecological parameters through the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and remotely sensed data. Popular data mining approaches included decision trees or “data mining” trees which consist of regression and classification trees, random forests, neural networks, and support vector machines. The advantages of each data mining approach as well as approaches to avoid overfitting are subsequently discussed. We also provide suggestions and examples for the mapping of problematic variables or classes, future or historical projections, and avoidance of model bias. Finally, we address the separate issues of parallel processing, error mapping, and incorporation of “no data” values into modeling processes. Given the improved availability of digital spatial products and remote sensing products, data mining approaches combined with parallel processing potentials should greatly improve the quality and extent of ecological datasets.     

基于SSW点云数据的矢量地图平面精度自动校验方法

常规的矢量地图精度校验采用抽样与实地测量,外业工作量大,自动化程度低。针对这一问题,本文提出基于SSW激光点云数据的矢量地图平面精度自动校验方法。首先,使用车载激光扫描器获得道路两侧高精度点云数据,并对点云数据进行滤波、坐标转换和精度检验;其次,基于多特征识别算法,使用SWDY软件提取点云特征点线;最后,利用最近邻法搜索待检矢量图中的同类地物特征点线,并计算匹配点线对的中误差。以兴化城区为试验区,采用该方法检测该地区1：1000比例尺的矢量地图平面精度,试验结果显示,成功匹配了点云数据205个地物特征中的201个,矢量地图的总体中误差为0.26 m,且能够发现待检测矢量地图中的采集丢漏与明显错误。本文方法可以减少现有检测方法的野外实测工作量,增加检测样本数量,降低检测过程中的人为干扰因素,有效提升检测的可靠性与检测效率。     

一种基于点云法向量的基准特征提取与倾斜分析方法

针对目前将三维激光扫描技术应用于变形监测领域存在基准特征难以提取、点云数据分析缺乏适用的方法等问题,本文提出了一种基于点云法向量的基准特征提取与形变分析方法。首先利用局部平面拟合方法获得点云的法向量,并沿点云法矢方向探测基准点;然后利用三次B样条曲线对探测的正确基准点进行拟合;最后根据拟合曲线计算基准高程和对径点倾斜角分析基准特征形变信息。对某化工厂的罐体点云数据进行基准特征提取结果表明,该方法可以快速、全面地获取监测对象的整体信息,且能够正确分析监测对象的基准形变。     

利用多面函数拟合和欧拉矢量法建立福建省GPS速度场模型

通过处理福建省卫星导航定位基准服务系统(FJCORS)2013-2015年观测资料,获得GPS站实测运动速度值,在此基础上,分别利用多面函数拟合法和欧拉矢量法构建了福建省及周边区域GPS速度场模型.内符合精度方面,多面函数拟合的速度精度南北分量为1.06 mm/a、东西分量为2.00 mm/a;欧拉矢量法得到的速度精度南北分量为1.36 mm/a、东西分量为1.22 mm/a.外符合精度方面,两种方法模拟得到的检核点速度值与实测速度值的较差均在±2.28 mm/a以内.在福建省陆域内,两种方法得到的速度场具有高度的一致性,运动速度均为35 mm/a左右,运动方向为SE-E向.     

Building a model-based personalised recommendation approach for tourist attractions from geotagged social media data

When travelling, people are accustomed to taking and uploading photos on social media websites, which has led to the accumulation of huge numbers of geotagged photos. Combined with multisource information (e.g. weather, transportation, or textual information), these geotagged photos could help us in constructing user preference profiles at a high level of detail. Therefore, using these geotagged photos, we built a personalised recommendation system to provide attraction recommendations that match a user's preferences. Specifically, we retrieved a geotagged photo collection from the public API for Flickr (Flickr.com) and fetched a large amount of other contextual information to rebuild a user's travel history. We then created a model-based recommendation method with a two-stage architecture that consists of candidate generation (the matching process) and candidate ranking. In the matching process, we used a support vector machine model that was modified for multiclass classification to generate the candidate list. In addition, we used a gradient boosting regression tree to score each candidate and rerank the list. Finally, we evaluated our recommendation results with respect to accuracy and ranking ability. Compared with widely used memory-based methods, our proposed method performs significantly better in the cold-start situation and when mining ‘long-tail’ data.     

非地转湿Q矢量分解在暴雨分析中的应用

利用非地转湿Q矢量对山东省春秋季两次罕见的暴雨天气进行了诊断分析。分析结果表明:暴雨期间都有较强的非地转湿Q矢量辐合,产生上升运动,形成暴雨。这一结果也表明凝结潜热加热对暴雨的产生有着重要的作用。本文进一步把非地转湿Q矢量分解为平行于等位温线和垂直于等位温线两部分。揭示在这两场暴雨过程中,虽然都有中尺度和大尺度辐合上升运动作用的叠加,但在春季暴雨的个例中,垂直于等位温线的非地转湿Q矢量的辐合与总的非地转湿Q矢量的辐合相接近,暴雨以中尺度上升运动为主。而在秋季暴雨的个例中,平行于等位温线的非地转湿Q矢量的辐合与总的非地转湿Q矢量的辐合在形状上相似,在强度上偏强,暴雨的上升运动以大尺度为主,中间夹杂着中小尺度的上升运动,降水以混合型为主。     

A new approach for vegetation change detection in urban areas

IntroductionVegetation distribution and change is regardedas ani mportant sign of urban environment . Withcity expanding and population increasing, herecomes a series of problems on environment ,andmoreover ,greening ratio is regarded as a stand-ard of ci…     

Applications of conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation to the study of the stability and sensitivity of the Jovian atmosphere

A two-layer quasi-geostrophic model is used to study the stability and sensitivity of motions on smallscale vortices in Jupiter’s atmosphere. Conditional nonlinear optimal perturbations (CNOPs) and linear singular vectors (LSVs) are both obtained numerically and compared in this paper. The results show that CNOPs can capture the nonlinear characteristics of motions in small-scale vortices in Jupiter’s atmosphere and show great difference from LSVs under the condition that the initial constraint condition is large or the optimization time is not very short or both. Besides, in some basic states, local CNOPs are found. The pattern of LSV is more similar to local CNOP than global CNOP in some cases. The elementary application of the method of CNOP to the Jovian atmosphere helps us to explore the stability of variousscale motions of Jupiter’s atmosphere and to compare the stability of motions in Jupiter’s atmosphere and Earth’s atmosphere further.     

一种新的实时电磁逆散射方法

为解决介质圆柱体逆散射问题,提出一种新的在线逆散射方法,通过支持向量机将逆散射问题转化成一个回归估计问题. 该方法可应用于各种逆散射方面, 尤其是目标的几何与电磁参数重构和埋地目标探测. 文中首次将支持向量机方法应用到该领域,设置多个散射场的观测点,通过提取散射场的不同信息作为样本信息训练支持向量机, 建立了介质圆柱体的逆散射模型, 利用该模型重构了介质圆柱体的电磁参数,同时探测了埋地位置. 数值结果显示了该方法的有效性和准确性,为目标的实时逆散射研究提供了一种有效方法.     

华东地区态矢量的研究

态矢量来源于统计物理学,是对连续场进行粗粒化描述的方法。尹祥础等把该方法移植到地震学中用以定量刻画地震活动性的演化,取得较好的结果。作者对华东地区1970年以来发生5级以上12次地震进行了分析,总结震前态矢量的变化情况,发现震前态矢量均有显著变化,为本地区地震趋势预测提供一定的参考价值。