三峡库区山地特色农业与城乡协调发展探讨

三峡大坝蓄水淹没后,重构与资源环境特质和生态环境目标相适应,与区域经济社会相协调的库区特色产业体系,具有重要的战略意义和价值。三峡库区以山丘地为主,农业资源丰富多样,具有发展山地特色农业的有利条件。大力推进库区农业结构战略性调整,依托特色农业发展培育乡村发展新的经济增长点,不仅有助于库区生态环境建设和人地关系优化,也将有利于库区脱贫致富和统筹城乡协调发展。基于库区垂直地带性分异规律的分析,进行山地土地功能分区研究,提出发挥库区农业资源优势,大力发展山地高效特色农业的模式和对策。     

基于ArcGIS的南沙生态数据库系统的研制

主要以当前南沙大开发下的生态保护为背景,提出了以“三库一体模式”实现基于ArcGIS的南沙生态数据库系统的思路,即首先建立南沙多源海量生态数据库,然后以生态模型为主导,调用生态分析方法,提取数据库中的数据进行相关计算,对模型进行求解,辅助专家进行决策。同时数据库中各类数据以及决策分析结果可以通过网络发布,以达到信息共享的目的。     

基于遥感的城乡人口分布模拟——以松原市为例

利用遥感数据模拟基于居民地的人口空间分布,须解决两大难题：①居民地类型、面积、位置的精确获取;②居民地类型、面积与人口数量间的关系。本文根据地理意义和数学意义,对经典的城市人口-面积异速生长模型进行扩展,推导出城乡人口-面积统一模型。进而以松原市为例,以1∶5万地形图为辅助数据,建立居民地分类体系,利用ETM影像提取居民地信息,在以上模型的基础上采用“城乡人口分割”算法模拟城乡人口的空间分布。本研究方法可为中尺度人口分布的理论与应用研究借鉴。     

城市河流生态系统健康评价初探

健康的河流生态系统已经成为公认的河流管理目标,采用河流生态系统健康理论来研究城市河流问题,具有较强的理论与现实意义。在城市河流生态系统健康概念内涵剖析的基础上,提出了包含水量、水质、水生生物、物理结构与河岸带5大要素的指标体系及其"很健康、健康、亚健康、不健康、病态"5级评价标准,建立了模糊层次综合评价程序与模型。并以宁波市河流为例进行实证研究,明确各河流的健康状况及限制因子,为其保护、维育与修复提供了决策依据。     

江西省矿山地质环境综合评价方法初探

矿业开发产生的环境地质问题主要有水土流失，土地污染、地面变形与塌陷、次生崩滑流灾害、水环境污染等。矿山地质环境综合评价单元的划分是根据矿山地质环境影响程度分区界线、矿产资源开发利用规划分区界线、地质灾害易发程度分区界线确定评价最小单元。选取矿山开发对地质环境的影响程度、地质灾害易发程度、矿产资源开发利用规划、矿山生态环境恢复治理难易程度等作为评价因子。根据各因子对矿山地质环境质量影响存在重大差异及可分层次的实际情况，采用敏感因子一综合分值评价模型作为矿山地质环境综合评价模型。首先对各参评因子进行1级评价，在此基础上对整个系统进行综合评价(2级评价)。在进行2级综合评价时，对存在的敏感因子进行敏感因子评价。然后根据综合指数的大小，将矿山地质环境综合质量划分不良、一般、较好3个等级。     

上海近30年来蒸发变化及其城郊差异分析

统计分析了上海龙华中心气象站和周边9个郊区气象站1970~2000年蒸发资料,结果表明:(1) 近30年来,上海郊区的蒸发变化和气候的冷暖期变化基本一致,20世纪80年代郊区蒸发量总体明显低于70年代;进入90年代增暖期后,郊区蒸发量呈逐渐上升趋势。(2) 市区蒸发状况与郊区出现明显反差,20世纪80年代市区蒸发量高于70年代,90年代以后市区蒸发量总体明显下降,与郊县蒸发量变化趋势相背离。(3) 城郊蒸发量历史资料系列的配对样本T检验表明,近30年来上海地区的蒸发存在明显的城郊差异,城郊蒸发的差异及变化与区域下垫面状况关系密切。     

基于多源数据的南京市域城乡融合水平测度研究

以特大城市南京市作为实证分析对象,通过耦合协调度和二分K均值聚类算法进行量化评价,利用多源数据创新市域城乡融合水平测度的思路与方法,探索性构建由城镇化发展水平、土地集约利用水平、设施均等化水平与城乡联系水平四大子系统所组成的评价指标体系。分析结果表明：(1)南京市域城乡融合系统耦合协调度的空间分布呈现出圈层扩散与点轴扩散并存的蛛网结构;(2)各子系统发展水平的分布特征具有一定差异,其中土地粗放利用与设施建设短板是制约发展协调地区进一步提升的关键因素,发展失调地区多受限于交通区位,城乡联系较为薄弱,因而发展动力不足。(3)各项指标发展水平的聚类特征明显,呈现出城市、城市边缘、小城镇、乡村4级9类的城乡融合单元。其中城市边缘地区细分为边缘新城、郊区副城、郊野公园3类单元,乡村地区则包括城市辐射型、观光休闲型、人口聚居型与偏远独立型4类。     

Spatiotemporal evolution and driving factors of urban-rural integration in China北大核心CSCD

Urban-rural integration (URI) is a new idea to guide the urban-rural transformation in China, and exploring the spatio-temporal characteristics and driving mechanism of URI in China is an urgent need to overcome the dilemmas of insufficient rural development and unbalanced urban and rural development. Based on the process framework of "foundation-motivation-result" of URI, an evaluation indicator system was constructed. The improved entropy evaluation model and the kernel density estimation method were used to quantitatively measure the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of URI level of 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities in China's mainland from 2000 to 2020. This study further used the Geodetector to explore the heterogeneous evolution of driving factors for URI level in different regions of China. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) From 2000 to 2020, the URI level in China decreased first and then increased, showing a √-shaped trend, and its spatial differences narrowed. 2) The URI level in China presented a spatial pattern of high in the east and low in the west, divided by the Hu Huanyong Line. The high-value centers showed prominent polarization characteristics and presented a zonal aggregation trend. The medium-value areas were clustered but weakened,and showed a spreading trend from the eastern to the central and western parts. 3) At the national scale, the core influencing factors of URI level were population mobility, economic development level, urban-rural income gap, and educational supports, potential factors were the optimization of industrial structure and the opening-up level, and threshold effect existed in investment benefit and government intervention. At the regional scale, the core driving forces of URI level in China showed obvious spatial heterogeneity, and in 2020 they were economic development level, investment benefit, and government intervention in the eastern region, investment benefit, opening-up level, and urban-rural income gap in the central region, are educational supports, government intervention, and the optimization of industrial structure in the western region. The interaction of driving factors had far more influence on URI level in China than individual factors, and the interaction between traffic accessibility and other socioeconomic factors had been significantly enhanced. Research on the spatio-temporal evolution and mechanism of URI in China can provide theoretical basis for rural revitalization and high-quality urban and rural development. © 2023, Editorial office of PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY. All rights reserved.     

Spatiotemporal changes and correlation of the new urbanization and urban-rural income gap in Sichuan Province北大核心CSCD

新型城镇化作为健全区域协调发展体制机制的重要举措,对破解城乡及地区间发展不平衡问题、促进经济高质量发展有重要意义。论文以四川省为研究对象,运用空间自相关分析方法、空间计量模型、门限面板模型,分析2009—2019年新型城镇化和城乡收入差距的时空演化情况,揭示二者的关联关系,检验分析城乡收入差距的其他影响因素。结果显示：(1) 2009—2019年,四川省新型城镇化水平逐年上升,城乡收入差距逐年缩小,各年度城乡收入差距均具有显著的空间关联性,其低值区域主要集聚在成渝经济走廊上,其高值区域主要集聚在川西及东北部秦巴山区。(2)新型城镇化对城乡收入差距存在非线性影响,呈倒“U”型关系,主要原因是新型城镇化与农业现代化的不协调、不同步,当农业现代化水平跨越门槛值后,新型城镇化才会由扩大转为抑制城乡收入差距。(3)地区经济不平衡程度、科技创新水平和人力资本水平也是城乡收入差距的显著影响因素。研究结果可为积极稳妥推动新型城镇化、有效缩小城乡收入差距提供理论依据。     

Land consolidation: An indispensable way of spatial restructuring in rural China1简

The implementation of new type industrialization and urbanization and agricultural modernization strategies lacks of a major hand grip and spatial supporting platform, due to long-term existed ＂dual-track＂ structure of rural-urban development in China as well as un- stable rural development institution and mechanism. It is necessary to restructure rural pro- duction, living and ecological space by carrying out land consolidation, so as to establish a new platform for building new countryside and realizing urban-rural integration development in China. This paper develops the concept and connotation of rural spatial restructuring. Basing on the effects analysis of industrialization and urbanization on rural production, living and ecological space, the mechanism of pushing forward rural spatial restructuring by carry- ing out land consolidation is probed. A conceptualization of the models of rural production, living and ecological spatial restructuring is analyzed combining with agricultural land con- solidation, hollowed villages consolidation and industrial and mining land consolidation. Fi- nally, the author argues that a ＂bottom-up＂ restructuring strategy accompanied by a few ＂top-down＂ elements is helpful for smoothly pushing forward rural spatial restructuring in China. In addition, the optimization and restructuring of rural production, living and ecological space will rely on the innovations of regional engineering technology, policy and mechanism, and mode of rural land consolidation, and more attentions should be paid to rural space, the foundation base and platform for realizing urban-rural integration development.