江西数字强震动台网建设综述

对"十五"期间江西省数字强震动台网的建设内容、技术系统的组成以及运行情况进行了综合论述,该台网的建成结束了江西省无强震动观测的历史,将为当地的工程抗震设防、震害预测、区域地震动衰减规律研究及重大工程的地震安全性评价,地震区划等方面发挥重要作用。     

基于Voronoi图的高密度城区停车场空间布局分析——以广州市海珠区为例

停车场是高密度城区基础设施的重要组成部分,对人口、道路、建筑等具有一定空间依赖,并形成其特定的分布规律。本文以广州市海珠区为例,运用Voronoi图对高密度城区停车场空间布局特征和空间聚集度与其影响因子的空间自相关性进行了GIS系统分析。通过研究区内及各街道区域内建立停车场Voronoi多边形,计算CV值、聚类指数及停车场聚集度。分析表明:(1)在高密度城区内,全区范围及各街道区域内停车场有集聚布局的趋势。集聚核出现在西北面江南大道商业圈和北面广州新中轴线贯穿的海珠区中心区段,高密度城区停车场有围绕商圈、中心发展区等高密度城区特征,突出区域集聚的趋势。(2)人口密度、道路密度、建筑密度等因子在全局及局部上影响着停车场的空间布局,而人口密度的影响最明显。(3)高密度城市化发展水平越高,各影响因子对停车场的密度与集聚程度影响越显著。     

云南高原保山市城市气候分析

利用保山市及其郊区昌宁1964-2010年47 a的气象观测资料,主要选取城区与郊区同期的气温、相对湿度数据进行对比分析,发现保山市城市热岛、于岛强度均逐年增强.热岛强度季节变化春季最强,秋季最弱;日变化T02:00达到最强,而T 14:00最弱.干岛季节变化冬季最强,夏季最弱;日变化T02:00最强,而白天较弱.同时,利用灰色模型对保山市城市热岛与干岛强度进行关联度分析,结果表明:对城市热岛、干岛强度影响较大的人文因子均是年末人口,而影响最大的自然因子分别是降水量和总云量.     

城市暴雨内涝综述：特征、机理、数据与方法

建成环境的高空间异质性与致灾过程的复杂性给城市暴雨内涝研究带来巨大的挑战,具体表现为模型代表性不够、计算效率低、基础数据和验证数据匮乏。以机器学习为代表的人工智能技术、高分遥感和互联网大数据的快速发展则为城市暴雨内涝研究提供了新的契机。论文结合人工智能、高分遥感和互联网大数据等新技术发展,从特征、机理、数据与方法4个维度对暴雨内涝的研究现状和发展趋势进行了系统总结,主要结论包括：① 暴雨内涝具有短历时性、空间散布性、连锁性和突变性,其热点呈现空间上的动态迁移特征。② 降雨时空特征和城市化程度决定暴雨内涝灾害的量级,地形条件尤其是微地形则决定发生位置和内涝频率。地形控制作用指数(topographic control index, TCI)对暴雨内涝发生位置具有良好的指示能力。③ 排水管网、高精度地形和不透水面分布是暴雨内涝模拟的关键基础数据;降雨过程的高时空变异性是暴雨内涝近实时预报预警的主要瓶颈,需要充分利用天气雷达观测提高其精准度;互联网众包大数据是获取高空间覆盖度暴雨内涝灾情信息的新途径,但也面临不同类型信息融合、提炼和质量控制的挑战。④ 结合水动力模拟与机器学习可建立兼具物理基础和计算效率的暴雨内涝模拟方法,是实现近实时模拟与快速预报预警的有效途径。     

四排局部冻结法在上海地铁修复工程中的应用

上海地铁某修复工程,在完好隧道与破坏隧道连接段采用冻结法施工垂直封水挡土止水墙,取得圆满成功。利用现场监测数据,判别了冻结管是否漏盐水以及隧道内是否充填密实,得出了冻土壁温度场形成规律,计算出积极冻结期结束时间。在浦东隧道清淤排水、浇筑混凝土止水墙阶段,分析了各施工工序对冻土墙温度影响。分析结果表明,冻结法施工质量的好坏可由温度反映出来。通过合理布置温度监测点,采用信息化施工,掌握温度变化规律,可确保复杂工程冻结施工安全。     

京津唐城市群不透水地表增长对水环境的影响(英文)

The impervious surface area (ISA) at the regional scale is one of the important en-vironmental factors for examining the interaction and mechanism of Land Use/Cover Change (LUCC)-ecosystem processes-climate change under the interactions of urbanization and global environmental change. Timely and accurate extraction of ISA from remotely sensed data at the regional scale is challenging. This study explored the ISA extraction based on MODIS and DMSP-OLS data and the incorporation of China’s land use/cover data. ISA datasets in Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan Metropolitan Area (BTTMA) in 2000 and 2008 at a spa-tial resolution of 250 m were developed, their spatiotemporal changes were analyzed, and their impacts on water quality were then evaluated. The results indicated that ISA in BTTMA increased rapidly along urban fringe, transportation corridors and coastal belt both in intensity and extents from 2000 to 2008. Three cities (Tangshan, Langfang and Qinhuangdao) in Hebei Province had higher ISA growth rates than Beijing due to the pressure of population-re?sour?ces-envi?ronments in the city resulting in increasingly transferring industries to the nearby areas. The dense ISA distribution in BTTMA has serious impacts on water quality in the Haihe River watershed. Meanwhile, the proportion of ISA in sub-watersheds has significantly linear relationships with the densities of river COD and NH3-N.     

Impact of Flood Disasters on Taiwan in the Last Quarter Century

The increasing natural disasters, especially floods during the last quarter century, are raising the economic losses in Taiwan. The most severe hazard in Taiwan is flooding induced by typhoons and storms in summer and autumn. By comparing the rivers around the world, the ones in Taiwan have the steepest slopes, the largest discharge per unit drainage area, and the shortest time of concentrations. Rapid urbanization without proper land uses managements usually worsen the flood problems. Consequently, flood hazards mitigation has become the most essential task for Taiwan to deal with. Although the government keeps improving flood defense structures, the flood damage grows continuously. In this article, possible flood mitigation strategies are identified for coping with complex environmental and social decisions with flood risk involved.     

深基坑支护的信息化施工

论述了信息化施工技术;在施工过程,将监测数据结合基坑工程的实际情况进行综合分析,利用监测数据进行反馈设计和分析,对后续施工具有实践与理论意义。介绍了某深基坑工程的施工监测,说明了信息化施工的重要性。通过对信息化施工过程中数据的分析、信息归纳和实践经验的总结,对以后类似工程的施工具有一定的参考价值。     

复杂山地条件、特长、大埋深公路隧道工程地震勘探技术方法

通过对复杂山地条件、特长、大埋深的雪峰山公路隧道的工程地震勘探实例,介绍和分析了根据实地情况开发和应用的高分辨率地震震源激发技术,复杂地形、地质构造条件下共排列双向变偏移距高分辨率反射波多次覆盖技术,环保型地震反射波与折射波法野外同步施工技术.     

Participatory slum upgrading as a disjunctive process in Recife,Brazil: Urban coproduction and the absent ground of the city

This article engages with the coproduction of urban space by focusing on a slum upgrading project in Recife, Brazil. It argues that the urban situation is essentially inconsistent, unpredictable and unstable. It documents the history of urban planning in Recife, paying special attention to the coexistence of two different planning traditions, one aimed at what city planners call the informal city, which is participatory, bottom up and democratic, yet susceptible to be corrupted by political clientelism, and another aimed at the formal city, which is ‘strategic’, top down, technocratic and neoliberal. It argues that the informal/formal binary operates as a disjunctive synthesis that separates social actors rather than connecting them and provides the coordinates within which processes of coproduction take place. The disjunctive synthesis renders possible all sorts of fantastic imaginations that both disavow and reveal the missing ground of the city. Community leaders play a central role in the coproduction of urban space and function as the symptom of this absent ground. The article concludes that participatory urban development interventions aiming to curtail the role of community leaders end up as veritable tyrannies of participation, which should be seen as evidence of the disjointed character of planning rather than as forms of effective governmentality.