地理信息资源共享服务平台建设构想

在“数字中国”、“数字省区”、“数字城市”建设如火如荼的背景下,以地理信息资源共享交换与空间数据资源整合为目标的各类地理信息资源共享服务平台纷纷投入建设。本文从地理信息的自身特性和信息化社会需求出发,论述构建国家地理信息资源共享服务平台的必要性,并提出符合我国国情的地理信息资源共享服务平台的建设构想,以及共享服务平台的主要建设内容和所需解决的关键技术。     

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城市统一空间基础网格划分与应用模式研究

基于城市统一空间基础网格划分的项目实践,举例分析了城市统一空间基础网格划分的必要性,确立了统一空间基础网格划分的基本原则,提出了城市统一网格金字塔数据模型和统一网格编码要求,并对具体的应用模式和要求进行了分析。     

农田植被层上通量－廓线关系的研究

以莫宁－奥布霍夫相似理论为基础，利用风温梯度观测资料，采用迭代方法确定湍流特征参量Ｕ＿＊、Ｔ＿＊、Ｌ和廓线参数β、γ，得出了适用于确定农田植被层上方风温廓线和湍流通量的普适函数半经验表达式；分析讨论了大气层结稳定度与风温廓线曲率、廓线参数以及普适函数的关系。     

统一构造理论初探

以地球系统科学为指导思想,提出统一构造理论的新观点和理论基础,初步建立了理论体系框架。提出统一引力场表示理论,用Ｎｅｗｔｏｎ位算子将地球内、外扰动引力场统一。通过对地球不同圈层水平速度矢量场的对比分析,提出不同圈层的水平运动速度矢量场具有高度的相似性和统一性,且与地球自转密切相关的认识。根据观测数据,探讨板块的统一动力源。研究了幔柱构造特征,提出地幔热柱构造的动力学模型。利用积分关系法求出地表热流与岩石圈厚度的关系,提出大陆岩石圈的统一热模式和大陆地表热流经验关系式。     

AE法岩石应力测量中试机晃动量问题

声发射法岩石记忆应力测量中,定区测试的对称干扰信号来自试样端面的摩擦。通过测量试样加压过程中试台晃量及其变化,可了解试样端面摩擦引起AE干扰信号的相应大小及其变化。实测结果显示试样加压的初始阶段,试台晃量及相应干扰信号皆最为显著。结合当前测试水平,笔者给出了克服对称干扰信号的方法和见解。      

水文基础数据通用平台在水情报汛和资料整编中的应用

水文基础数据通用平台,以其开放、可靠、可扩展性等优势,为越来越多的水文信息自动采集和数据处理提供服务,应用范围不断扩大。在实际工作中进行水文信息自动收集、矢量监视图自动更新、水情报文自动生成和转发,以及水文资料整编数据下载和转换为电算整编格式,是水文基础数据通用平台在业务处理方面的重要应用。     

An algorithm for the simulation of curvilinear plane-strain and axisymmetric hydraulic fractures with lag using the universal meshes

We present an algorithm to simulate curvilinear hydraulic fractures in plane strain and axisymmetry. We restrict our attention to sharp fractures propagating in an isotropic, linear elastic medium and driven by the injection of a laminar, Newtonian fluid governed by lubrication theory, and we require the existence of a finite lag region between the fluid front and the crack tip. The key novelty of our approach is in how we discretize the evolving crack and fluid domains: we utilize universal meshes (UMs), a technique to create conforming triangulations of a problem domain by only perturbing nodes of a universal background mesh in the vicinity of the boundary. In this way, we construct meshes, which conform to the crack and to the fluid front. This allows us to build standard piecewise linear finite element spaces and to monolithically solve the quasistatic hydraulic fracture problem for the displacement field in the rock and the pressure in the fluid. We demonstrate the performance of our algorithms through three examples: a convergence study in plane strain, a comparison with experiments in axisymmetry, and a novel case of a fracture in a narrow pay zone.     

GPS系统时间及其与其他时间的关系

指出不同授时规范对“GPS系统时间”定义、解释的差异,给出比较清楚和综合的“GPS系统时间”理解,这会有益于北斗系统和GPS系统组合PNT（定位、导航、授时）应用标准化。     

A continuous simulation model for design-hydrograph estimation in small and ungauged watersheds

Abstract

A detailed investigation of the behaviour of various hydraulic parameters, using data from rivers in Greece, was conducted in order to explore the universality of features that many natural streams are believed to have in common. Analysis of vertical profiles of temporal mean of horizontal velocities (u) in the longitudinal (river flow) direction and of transverse profiles of depth-mean longitudinal velocities (U) estimated from these vertical profiles, measured at 232 cross-sections of several rivers in Greece, provided valuable information: on the distribution of local roughness coefficients (n_i ) along the wetted perimeter of the cross-sections examined; on the shape of u profiles; on the ratio of maximum to mean cross-sectional velocity, V_max/V_m , and its relation to a dimensionless entropy parameter, M; on the shape of U profiles; and on the normalized intensity, r, of the spatial departure of u velocities from V_m . The similarities among the quantities (u, U, n, V_max/V_m , M, r) analysed in this study and in pertinent literature reveal that the rivers examined exhibit many of the basic features, of rather universal character, shown by other rivers (all over the world) having different geometric and/or other characteristics (aspect ratios, bottom roughness, flow kinematics, etc.). Corresponding differences are also described and explained.