Robustness of Kriging weights to non-bias conditions

In this paper, the effect on Kriging weights of non-bias conditions, when the same residual covariance model is used, has been studied by the l₂ norm of the weights difference between Ordinary Kriging and Kriging with a trend model. Four covariance models, in 1-D and 2-D, and in interpolation and extrapolation conditions are examined. Situations in which both algorithms yield the same results are pointed out.     

地质构造发展的斜向性与宇宙运动

地球在宇宙中犹如太沧一粟或大海一滴,每粒每滴都是太沧与大海的一个分子,它们无时不在结合与分散之中。这种结合与分散是在同地、同时、辩证地发展着的。所有的星体都松散地结合在一起。实际上,它们是随地随时变化着的,这种变化服从于宇宙的斜向运动,因此地质构造具有普遍的斜向性。     

A modification of minimum norm quadratic estimation of a generalized covariance function for use with large data sets

Marshall and Mardia (1985) and Kitanidis (1985) have suggested using minimum norm quadratic estimation as a method to estimate parameters of a generalized covariance function. Unfortunately, this method is difficult to use with large data sets as it requires inversion of an n × n matrix, where n is number of observations. These authors suggest replacing the matrix to be inverted by the identity matrix, which eliminates the computational burden, although with a considerable loss of efficiency. As an alternative, the data set can be broken into subsets, and minimum norm quadratic estimates of parameters of the generalized covariance function can be obtained within each subset. These local estimates can be averaged to obtain global estimates. This procedure also avoids large matrix inversions, but with less loss in efficiency.     

国际游客对大运河遗产价值的感知：基于跨地方主体性的视角

遗产价值评判的立场与标准隐含了遗产话语权的角逐以及价值观传播的问题。目前,中国世界遗产的价值评定受制于西方所谓的“普遍价值”;特别是在入境遗产旅游这一文化外交的前沿阵地,现行遗产实践按照西方标准来展示中国文化传统,有可能预设了国际游客的遗产价值评判立场与标准,反而丧失了中国文化外交的主场优势。“共同价值”为遗产价值评判提供了指引,如何借力入境遗产旅游的现实情境,证实并传播共同价值立场与标准,是遗产实践的重要议题。鉴于此,本文以大运河苏州段遗产地为例,基于跨地方主体性的理论视角,解析国际游客与大运河遗产地的互动过程及其感知评判遗产价值的具体路径。研究发现：国际游客从微观与中观两个层面来与遗产地互动,并通过移情性理解与自反性建构两种具体路径,实现了不同文化间的对话与协商;这一过程中,国际游客能动地感知评判着大运河遗产的价值,跨越了所谓“普遍价值”所预设的狭隘僵化的、西方中心主义的文化价值立场,达成了开放包容、交融互鉴的文明交往实践,成为共同价值立场与标准的国际群众基础。文章引入共同价值立场与标准来尝试破除西方普遍价值论背后的霸权主义行径,对争取世界遗产话语权、推进文明间平等交往、弘扬中华文化自信具有重要的实践意义。     

压缩感知和万有引力模型相结合的高光谱混合像元分解

高光谱影像虽然具有较高的光谱分辨率,但因其空间分辨率低而普遍存在混合像元。混合像元分解是高光谱遥感应用的重要研究内容,包括端元提     

地球形变对重力测量的影响初探

分析了在太阳和月球的引力作用下地球形变对重力测量的影响,给出了一个简便的计算模型,可以比较准确地改正地球形变对重力测量的影响。并就该方法在海洋重力测量中的应用作了探讨。     

Effects of DNA extraction and universal primers on 16S rRNA gene-based DGGE analysis of a bacterial community from fish farming water

Among many reports investigating microbial diversity from environmental samples with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), limited attention has been given to the effects of universal primers and DNA extraction on the outcome of DGGE analysis. In this study, these effects were tested with 16S rRNA gene-based DGGE on a bacterial community from farming water samples. The results indicate that the number of discernable bands in the DGGE fingerprint differed with the primer pairs used; the bands produced by 63f/518r, 341f/926r and 933f/1387r primer pairs were obviously fewer than those by 968f/1401r. Also, we found that each DNA extraction method resulted in different community profiles, reflected by the number and intensity of bands in the DGGE fingerprint. Furthermore, the main bands (theoretically representing dominant bacteria) differed with the extraction methods applied. It is therefore believed that the effects of universal primers and DNA extraction should be given more attention and carefully chosen before performing an investigation into a new environment with DGGE.     

新时代中国城市高质量发展的时空演进格局与驱动因素

高质量发展是巩固全面建成小康社会战略成果的必由之路,是绘制建设社会主义现代化国家宏伟蓝图的不二法门。本文将研究的空间尺度下移至城市层面,基于新发展理念构建评价体系,合成了高质量发展综合指数,通过空间自相关分析、空间基尼系数、马尔科夫转移矩阵、面板回归模型等统计与计量方法,剖析新时代中国城市高质量发展的时空演进格局与驱动因素。研究表明：① 2012—2019年中国城市高质量发展水平不断提升,其中东部、中部、西南、西北城市高质量发展综合指数持续增加,东北城市则先降后升。② 长三角城市群、珠三角城市群在高质量发展进程中充当了排头兵角色,宁夏沿黄城市群高质量发展排名相对靠后,辽中南城市群面临发展质量下滑的压力。③ 中国城市高质量发展在空间上大体呈现由东向西递减的规律,空间集聚特征突出,但高质量发展失调问题随时间推移得到缓解,低质量、中低质量、中等质量与中高质量状态城市具有向上一等级跃迁的动力,但难度逐级提升。此外,中国城市发展质量存在向下一等级转移的风险。④ 海拔高度、地形地势、产业集聚、市场规模、公共财政、对外开放均能显著影响中国城市高质量发展。为全方位驱动新时代中国城市高质量发展,需贯彻落实新发展理念,发挥先发城市的领头雁作用,带动后发城市高质量发展,通过重塑中国经济地理格局达成“普遍沸腾”的愿景。     

PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF TURBULENT TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS IN THE SURFACE LAYER OVER GUANGZHOU REGION

On the basis of the Monin-Obukhov similarity theory, a semi-empirical expression of universal functions is fitted by means of the iteration method. using the gradient observation data of wind and temperature in the surface layer. The characteristics of bulk transfer coefficient are studied and some empirical relationships among the bulk transfer coefficient, the wind speed and temperature are obtained. The applicability of the results is investigated using observation data.     

对数泛克立金法在处理化探数据中的应用

本文研究如何用地质统计学方法处理服从对数正态分布的化探数据的问题。经对湖北阳新岩体铜含量数据的大量电算、分析、对比,最后选用了对数泛克立金法。由计算机自动绘出的估值图和漂移、剩余图能很好地反映该区化探趋势和异常,既优于趋势面分析和滑动平均法,也优于泛克立金法,且能获得较稳健的变差图。故此法对化探数据自动成图很有用处。