Improving explicit time integration by modal truncation techniques

This paper describes a modal weighting technique that improves the stability characteristics of explicit time-integration schemes used in structural dynamics. The central difference method was chosen as the trial algorithm because of its simplicity, both in terms of formulation and ease of numerical stability and convergence analysis. It is shown how explicit algorithms may be reformulated in order to make them stable for any integration time by attenuating high-frequency oscillation modes that are generated by mesh geometry rather than generic dynamical features. We discuss results from trial calculations obtained from mathematical models that represent hysteretic restoring force elements and an application on a physical, four-degree-of-freedom, base-isolated structure using the pseudodynamic technique. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

小口径涡轮钻具减速器非对称齿轮弯曲强度分析

小口径涡轮钻具减速器是小井眼深井钻探钻具的重要部件,具有体积小、承载大的特点。采用非对称齿轮代替传统齿轮是提高减速器承载能力的有效手段。非对称齿轮两侧的齿根圆角半径和压力角是区别于对称齿轮的关键参数,通过改变齿轮的齿形结构进而影响了齿轮的齿根弯曲强度。为了进一步研究齿根圆角半径和工作侧压力角对齿根弯曲应力的影响规律,以φ127 mm涡轮钻具减速器中太阳轮为研究对象,建立非对称齿轮的受力模型,基于平截面法得到非对称齿轮齿根弯曲应力的理论计算公式,并通过有限元法对对称齿轮和非对称齿轮进行对比分析,仿真结果表明：增大齿根圆角半径能增大齿轮齿根过渡曲线的曲率半径,从而改善齿根处的应力集中;工作侧压力角的增大能有效降低齿根弯曲应力,但压力角超过一定值时,齿根弯曲应力逐渐趋于稳定。理论分析和仿真结果基本吻合,研究结果可以为优化减速器非对称齿轮的主要参数提供依据和参考。     

Measuring the Fundamental Parameters of Hot Hydrogen- Rich White Dwarfs

This review considers the observations of hot, hydrogen-rich white dwarf stars, with particular reference to measurements of temperature, surface gravity and composition. Spectroscopic data from a variety of wavelength ranges are required for this work and, in particular, the important contributions from optical, ultraviolet and extreme ultraviolet studies are discussed. Using the values of Teff and log g determined for an individual white dwarf, estimates of mass and radius might be derived from the theoretical mass-radius relation. The issue of the accuracy of the theoretical mass-radius calculations and the prospects for making empirical tests using observational data are outlined.     

解平面质点问题之方法的新探讨

本文使三种平面坐标按一个固定关系互相配合,得到与此对应的一系列公式,为解大量的平面质点问题提供简便方法。     

大气数值模式空间分辨率的确定方法

集中讨论了如何决定大气数值模式空间分辨率的问题。首先, 给出模式分辨率的定义和模式各方程都应满足的不等式，并在此基础上，用尺度分析和单波的方法推出模式水平和垂直分辨率的预估公式。还给出针对一般模式，以预估公式作基础，选择一系列分辨率，用比较试验，结合大气结构特点，最终确定模式分辨率的方法。并用浅水模式进行了水平分辨率的试验。     

云南天文台激光测距系统激光特性参数的测量分析

通过激光光腰位置能量分布测量，在已知激光发散角的情况下，直接计算得到光腰半径、光束质量因子等重要参数，更加深入的分析了云台激光束情况，对于测距时激光发散角的控制具有重要意义。从激光能量分布的测量结果看，可把激光的最小发散角压缩到1“，达到大气视宁度水平，从而提高系统的极限测距能力。     

工程降水设计的一种新方法

对目前通用的地下水动力学方法进行工程降水设计分析,指出其几点不足,据几年来的工程降水实践,提出一种工程降水的新方法－有效半径法。该方法根据四条基本原则,利用单井不同降深的有效半径,进行井距、井数的计算,在此基础上利用计算机进行降水方案的优化,从而确定出最佳方案。该方法在长春市粘性土几个降水工程中应用,都取得了满意的效果。     

建筑内噪声点云去除的扫描光线截断法

建筑内部噪声点云由于不同风格的家具及遮挡问题,分布规律比较复杂且通常与建筑立面粘连,难以通过交互的方式去除。针对这一问题,本文提出了一种建筑内噪声去除的扫描光线截断法。该方法首先分割建筑面片;然后将扫描中心点与点云组成的扫描光线与建筑立面求交;最后通过比较扫描光线的长度和扫描中心点与交点的距离,利用建筑立面截断扫描光线,从而在保持原始采样间隔的情况下自动去除建筑内部噪声点云。试验结果表明,该方法能较好地去除建筑内部的噪声点。     

Optimal Design of Equivalent Water Depth Truncated Mooring System Based on Baton Pattern Simulated Annealing Algorithm简

The highest similarity degree of static characteristics including both horizontal and vertical restoring force-displacement characteristics of total mooring system, as well as the tension-displacement characteristics of the representative single mooring line between the truncated and full depth system are obtained by annealing simulation algorithm for hybrid discrete variables （ASFHDV, in short）. A“baton” optimization approach is proposed by utilizing ASFHDV. After each baton of optimization, if a few dimensional variables reach the upper or lower limit, the boundary of certain dimensional variables shall be expanded. In consideration of the experimental requirements, the length of the upper mooring line should not be smaller than 8 m, and the diameter of the anchor chain on the bottom should be larger than 0.03 m. A 100000 t turret mooring FPSO in the water depth of 304 m, with the truncated water depth being 76 m, is taken as an example of equivalent water depth truncated mooring system optimal design and calculation, and is performed to obtain the conformation parameters of the truncated mooring system. The numerical results indicate that the present truncated mooring system design is successful and effective.     

GNSS卫星三种站心极坐标的关系

全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）的应用中有三种常用的站心极坐标系,天顶方向分别为参考椭球面外法线方向、铅垂线上方向和地心向径方向。传统大地测量中给出的部分极坐标关系式是高度角很小时的近似公式,不再适用于GNSS卫星,另外,实用中还有混淆或近似使用不同站心极坐标的情况。为此,给出了三种站心极坐标的严格关系式,分析了它们的差异规律及量级,为正确使用它们提供了参考。