附有条件的参数平差模型的有偏估计

讨论附有条件的参数平差模型参数的有偏估计问题。提出了约束岭估计和约束主成分估计,并证明了它们的优良性质,最后给出了一个算例,验证了所得结果。     

角锥棱镜直角误差斜入射法检测的理论分析

以矢量形式的折射、反射定律为基础 ,详细推导了角锥棱镜直角误差δ与分划板自准直双像间距t之间的关系 ,提出了基于斜入射法、利用自准直平行光管直接测量角锥棱镜直角误差的光电检测系统 ,并进行了测量精度的理论分析。     

L_∞估计的方法研究

讨论了 L∞ 估计的基本原理 ,提出了利用线性规划来求解 L∞ 估计问题的方法 ,并且依据线性规划的对偶原理给出了求解问题的实用方法。     

定位参数抗差估计的无偏性

根据抗差估计中误差的最基本假设—对称分布 ,考虑到ρ函数的条件及把反对称估计作为抗差估计计算迭代的初始值 ,验证了定位参数的抗差估计值也一定是反对称估计 ,满足无偏性条件 ,得到定位参数的抗差估计是无偏估计。     

GPS,VLBI和SLR确定地心坐标的精度分析

为评价ＧＰＳ、ＶＬＢＩ和ＳＬＲ这３种空间技术确定地心坐标的真正实现精度,我们把３种技术在并置站上的地心坐标进行了相互比较。经过偏心改正和７个参数的转换后,可获得任意２种技术地心坐标不符值的加权中误差,以此作为外符精度。可以看出,ＶＬＢＩ与ＧＰＳ地心坐标三分量的外符精度在１ｃｍ之内,ＳＬＲ与ＶＬＢＩ和ＧＰＳ地心坐标三分量的外符精度在１～３ｃｍ之间。表明ＶＬＢＩ和ＧＰＳ实现的地心坐标精度比ＳＬＲ高一些     

气象卫星云图的多分辨小波分解及人工神经网络降水估计研究

采用多分辨小波分析对卫星图象进行预处理 ,在保留其特征信息的同时 ,减小了数据量 ,改善了神经网络训练过程的收敛性能 ,提高了处理速度。采用这一方法根据 GOES- 8的红外亮温图象和气象雷达资料对巴西圣保罗州中部的降水量估计进行了试验 ,取得了良好的效果。     

System identification estimation of soil properties at the Lotung site

Dynamic properties of the soils at the Lotung test site, Lotung, Taiwan, are estimated from seismic vertical array measurements (input–output data sets) using both time-invariant and time-variant parametric modeling methods (system identification). Soil properties are directly mapped from model parameters to an equivalent lumped mass model of the soil interval. Shear stiffness and damping ratios were calculated for 8 events with M_L ranging from 4.5 to 7.0. Shear stiffness ranged between 0.5 and 6 MN/m, inversely proportional to PGA. The equivalent viscous damping ratio varied from 2 to 30% of critical damping, proportional to PGA. Degradation of soil behavior, while less pronounced with increasing depth, consistently occurs above a peak input acceleration of 0.07 g. Although “non-linear” behavior is evident above 0.17 g, Event 7 (0.21 g) is accurately predicted using a linear constant parameter model estimated from the smaller Event 8 aftershock ground motions.     

On the size distribution of ice-supersaturated regions in the upper troposphere and lowermost stratosphere

In order to determine typical sizes of ice-supersaturated regions (ISSRs) in the upper troposphere and lowermost stratosphere we set up the frequency distribution of path lengths flown by MOZAIC aircraft within ISSRs. The mean path length is about 150 km with a standard deviation of 250 km. We analyse the influence of a selection bias (viz. that large ISSRs are more often crossed by aircraft than small ones) on the obtained path length statistics and derive a mathematical equation that relates the path length distribution to the underlying size distribution of ISSRs, assuming that they have circular shape. We solve the equation (by trial and error) and test the result using numerical simulations. Surprisingly, we find that there may be many more very small ISSRs than apparent from the data such that the true mean diameter of the ISSRs may be of the order a few kilometres only. The relevance of the result is discussed and dedicated research flights to measure the true extension of ISSRs are recommended.     

定位参数抗差估计的无偏性

根据抗差估计中误差的最基本假设一对称分布,考虑到ρ函数的条件及把反对称估计作为抗差估计计算迭代的初始值,验证了定位参数的抗差估计值也一定是反对称估计,满足无偏性条件,得到定位参数的抗差估计是无偏估计.     

Variogram Model Selection via Nonparametric Derivative Estimation

Before optimal linear prediction can be performed on spatial data sets, the variogram is usually estimated at various lags and a parametric model is fitted to those estimates. Apart from possible a priori knowledge about the process and the user's subjectivity, there is no standard methodology for choosing among valid variogram models like the spherical or the exponential ones. This paper discusses the nonparametric estimation of the variogram and its derivative, based on the spectral representation of positive definite functions. The use of the estimated derivative to help choose among valid parametric variogram models is presented. Once a model is selected, its parameters can be estimated—for example, by generalized least squares. A small simulation study is performed that demonstrates the usefulness of estimating the derivative to help model selection and illustrates the issue of aliasing. MATLAB software for nonparametric variogram derivative estimation is available at http://www-math.mit.edu/~gorsich/derivative.html. An application to the Walker Lake data set is also presented.