Positioning precision analysis of GNSS multi-frequency carrier phase combinations

GPS positioning precision is affected by various error sources, and traditional combinations of GPS carrier phase observations have their own limitations such as the wide-lane, the narrow-lane and the ionospheric-free combinations. To obtain the optimal positioning precision, a new linear combination method is addressed through the variance-covariance (VCV) of the GPS multi-frequency carrier phase combination equations, and the impact of the positioning precision is analyzed with the changing of the observation errors deduced by the law of error propagation. For the high precision positioning with only one carrier phase combination, the optimal combination method is deduced and further validated by an example of a baseline resolution with 60 km length. The result indicates that this method is the simplest, and the positioning precision is the best. Therefore, it is useful for long baseline quick positioning for different precision requirements in various distances.     

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高原重要机场航班延误的气象因素分析

通过对四川航空公司2005~2006年高原特殊机场航班延误的气象资料分析,得出影响高原机场最大的气象要素为低云、低能见度以及顺风超标等。并针对航班延误比较多的高原机场进行详细的数据统计以及气象特征分析,为排班工作提供参考。     

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高阶电离层改正对PPP对流层估计的影响

对观测量进行高阶电离层改正,利用改正后的观测量求解卫星轨道和卫星钟差,根据所得的卫星轨道和卫星钟差来计算其余测站的对流层。结果显示,二阶电离层在低纬度地区很容易达到1 cm,可使对流层引起2～3 mm的误差。而三阶电离层在低纬度地区一般不超过5 mm,对对流层的影响不会超过0.5 mm。数据测试表明,要获取1 mm精度的对流层,中低纬度地区的二阶电离层必须进行改正,而三阶电离层可以忽略不计。     

一类变系数非线性时滞微分系统的全局指数稳定性

通过构造Lyapunov函数,并应用一类时滞微分不等式,研究了一类交系数非线性时滞微分系统的全局指数稳定性,得到若干判定条件,推广了一些文献的结果。     

基于大气降水的华北地区土壤湿度预测模型

基于引入随机变量的机理性模型方法,利用华北地区2000—2008年气象台站观测数据,以大气降水为随机变量,并考虑其延迟效应,利用回归方法建立了预测时效为1旬的土壤相对湿度预测模型。利用预测率和干旱等级预报精度两个评价指标,结合2009年土壤湿度实际观测数据,验证了预测模型预报率均在90%以上,绝大部分站点的干旱等级预报精度均在70%以上,得出该预测模型在华北地区应用的合理性,从而建立了一套客观、动态的土壤湿度预测方法,有利于及时掌握农田旱情程度和分布,主动采取防旱、抗旱应对措施。     

Semi‐active multi‐step predictive control of structures using MR dampers

A semi‐active multi‐step predictive control (SAMPC) system with magnetorheological (MR) dampers is developed to reduce the seismic responses of structures. This system can predict the next multi‐step responses of structure according to the current state and has a function of self‐compensation for time delay that occurred in real application. To study the performance of the proposed control algorithm for addressing time delay and reducing the seismic responses, a numerical example of an 11‐story structure with MR dampers is presented. Comparison with the uncontrolled structure indicates that both the peak and the norm values of structural responses are all clearly reduced when the predictive length l?10 and the delayed time step d?20 are selected, and the SAMPC strategy can guarantee the stability of the controlled structure and reduce the effects of time delay on controlled responses to a certain extent. A performance comparison is also made between the SAMPC strategy and the passive‐off and passive‐on methods; results indicate that this SAMPC system is more effective than the two passive methods in reducing structural responses subjected to earthquakes. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

“两类错误”谈论有益

本文是作者９３年发表一文［２］的补充，也是对本刊９８年第二期一文［１］的商榷。文中重述了两种决策的不同可靠性，即在否定虚假设Ｈ０时可以控制出错率到指定要求，使结论可靠；而接受Ｈ０则不易做到这点。对被检验假设的否定或接受均通过否定Ｈ０来获得是最好的。叙述了设置Ｈ０和备择假设Ｈ１的考虑。指出当前应用中的主要问题是对Ｈ０的不适当接受，即对第二类错误的忽视。重温一些基本概念等。