遗传算法的单频网覆盖时延优化

针对目前数字广播电视单频网不能自动进行覆盖结果优化调整的问题,该文在基于地理信息的单频网台站场强预测的基础上,实现了单频网覆盖时延自动优化。首先,利用台站基本信息,结合地理信息,利用台站场强预测模型,对单频网内各个台站进行覆盖场强预测,得到各个台站的覆盖结果矩阵。其次,结合各个台站的覆盖结果矩阵,利用遗传算法对各个台站的时延情况进行寻优。最后,得到每个台站的最优时延结果,以及得到时延优化后的单频网覆盖结果。实验结果表明,本文提出的基于遗传算法的单频网覆盖时延优化算法,能够很好地实现单频网内各个台站的自动时延优化,根据得到的时延结果,对单频网内各台站信号进行控制,从而自动地进行单频网覆盖结果的优化。     

GNSS接收机DCB短期时变特征分析和估计方法

提出一种使用非差非组合精密单点定位(PPP)估计和分析接收机DCB短时时变特征的方法。首先利用非差非组合PPP得到包含接收机DCB的重构电离层参数估值;然后通过IGS电离层GIMs格网模型内插剥离各历元站星斜向电离层距离延迟;最后通过最小二乘约束得到各历元接收机DCB解。由于格网本身精度(2~8 TECU)和插值精度限制,解算出来的接收机DCB并不能真实反映其短期时变特征。为此,提出利用站间单差或者历元间差分的方法还原其真实的变化态势。实验结果表明,所提出的方法能够正确估计接收机DCB,并能真实还原其短期时变特征,具有良好的适用性。     

提高对流层天顶总延迟解算精度的新方法探讨

对流层天顶总延迟的解算精度,直接影响长基线解算的精度和大气水汽含量的计算精度。文中提出克利金内插法解算天顶总延迟的新方法,并利用南极长城站和周边IGS跟踪站的GPS数据,通过高精度解算软件GAMIT/GLOBK,解算出长城站上空的对流层天顶总延迟,将其与利用内插方法解算的天顶总延迟进行了对比分析,得出:利用该内插方法获取的南极长城站在夏季的天顶总延迟的均方差可达0.2mm,这对今后GPS高精度定位和GPS气象学应用来说,具有重要意义。     

A strip adjustment procedure to mitigate the impact of inaccurate mounting parameters in parallel lidar strips

Lidar (laser scanning) technology has been proven as a prominent technique for the acquisition of high-density and accurate topographic information. Because of systematic errors in the lidar measurements (drifts in the position and orientation information and biases in the mirror angles and ranges) and/or in the parameters relating the system components (mounting parameters), adjacent lidar strips may exhibit discrepancies. Although position and orientation drifts can have a more significant impact, these errors and their impact do not come as a surprise if the quality of the GPS/INS integration process is carefully examined. Therefore, the mounting errors are singled out in this work. The ideal solution for improving the compatibility of neighbouring strips in the presence of errors in the mounting parameters is the implementation of a rigorous calibration procedure. However, such a calibration requires the original observations, which may not be usually available. In this paper, a strip adjustment procedure to improve the compatibility between parallel lidar strips with moderate flight dynamics (for example, acquired by a fixed-wing aircraft) over an area with moderately varying elevation is proposed. The proposed method is similar to the photogrammetric block adjustment of independent models. Instead of point features, planar patches and linear features, which are represented by sets of non-conjugate points, are used for the strip adjustment. The feasibility and the performance of the proposed procedure together with its impact on subsequent activities are illustrated using experimental results from real data.     

时间滞后变结构控制系统的研究新进展

详细地论述了时间滞后变结构控制系统的有关概念、特点和研究历史,研究历史从初级阶段、中级阶段、高级阶段、崭新阶段进行了描述;总结了到目前为止对该系统的若干研究进展;指出了有关时间滞后变结构控制系统的几个新的研究方向。     

计算机串口记时延迟的测量与分析

动态测量中,需要记录观测量的观测时刻,时刻作为测量的基本观测量,需要较高的计时精度,通过串口利用计算机计时是一种便捷可行的方法,但串口的时延是必须要考虑的因素。本文介绍了计算机串口计时的原理及影响其时延的相关因素,阐述了进行时延测量的方法,并通过实验对影响串口时延的5种因素进行了相应的测试和分析,实验结果表明,通常情况下串口时延在毫秒级,通过提高计时程序优先级的方法可成功将时延减小至0.35m s以内;低动态条件下串口时延对动态测量的影响较小,在某些检测设备中甚至可以忽略。     

低轨卫星初始状态误差对反演地球重力场的影响

基于动力学法反演地球重力场的基本理论,研究了卫星初始状态向量误差对应用低轨卫星精密轨道数据反演地球重力场的影响。在仅考虑低轨卫星初始状态误差的情况下进行了模拟计算,结果表明:在利用低轨卫星精密轨道数据反演地球重力场时,卫星初始状态向量误差需要重新进行估计;在目前的轨道精度水平下,若不顾及误差方程二次项的影响,反演弧长不宜过长;卫星初始状态速度误差(约1.5mm/s)的影响要大于位置误差(约10 cm)的影响。     

GNSS地面测试环境中关于影响站址选择因素的考虑

卫星导航产品在投入正式运行之前需要在地面上对其进行测试和校准,因此需要在地面建立模拟天上GPS卫星星座的测试环境,并通过修建伪卫星发射塔来发射类GPS卫星信号。测试环境中关于伪卫星发射塔站址选择问题是一个值得关注的硬件建设环节,它直接影响了系统的运行性能,本文通过对五个影响站址选择的因素进行论述,详细地说明了它们各自的影响特征,给出了相应的结论。     

Characterization of diurnal cycles in ZTD from a decade of global GPS observations

The diurnal cycle of the tropospheric zenith total delay (ZTD) is one of the most obvious signals for the various physical processes relating to climate change on a short time scale. However, the observation of such ZTD oscillations on a global scale with traditional techniques (e.g. radiosondes) is restricted due to limitations in spatial and temporal resolution. Nowadays, the International GNSS Service (IGS) provides an important data source for investigating the diurnal and semidiurnal cycles of ZTD and related climatic signals. In this paper, 10 years of ZTD data from 1997 to 2007 with a 2-hour temporal resolution are derived from global positioning system (GPS) observations taken at 151 globally distributed IGS reference stations. These time series are used to investigate diurnal and semidiurnal oscillations. Significant diurnal and semidiurnal oscillations of ZTD are found for all GPS stations used in this study. The diurnal cycles (24 hours period) have amplitudes between 0.2 and 10.9 mm with an uncertainty of about 0.5 mm and the semidiurnal cycles (12 h period) have amplitudes between 0.1 and 4.3 mm with an uncertainty of about 0.2 mm. The larger amplitudes of the diurnal and semidiurnal ZTD cycles are observed in the low-latitude equatorial areas. The peak times of the diurnal cycles spread over the whole day, while the peak value of the semidiurnal cycles occurs typically about local noon. These GPS-derived diurnal and semidiurnal ZTD signals are similar with the surface pressure tides derived from surface synoptic pressure observations, indicating that atmospheric tides are the main driver of the diurnal and semidiurnal ZTD variations.     

Consideration of time-correlated errors in a Kalman filter applicable to GNSS

An algorithm for considering time-correlated errors in a Kalman filter is presented. The algorithm differs from previous implementations in that it does not suffer from numerical problems; does not contain inherent time latency or require reinterpretation of Kalman filter parameters, and gives full consideration to additive white noise that is often still present but ignored in previous implementations. Simulation results indicate that the application of the new algorithm yields more realistic and therefore useful state and covariance information than the standard implementation. Results from a field test of the algorithm applied to the problem of kinematic differential GPS demonstrate that the algorithm provides slightly pessimistic covariance estimates whereas the standard Kalman filter provides optimistic covariance estimates.