Physical dynamics and biological implications of Cyclone Noah in the lee of Hawaii during E-Flux I

Quasi-synoptic observations of the horizontal and vertical structure of a cold-core cyclonic mesoscale eddy feature (Cyclone Noah) were conducted in the lee of Hawai’i from November 4–22, 2004 as part of the E-Flux interdisciplinary collaborative research program. Cyclone Noah appears to have spun up to the southwest of the ‘Alenuihaha Channel (between Maui and Hawai’i) as a result of strong and persistent northeasterly trade winds through the channel. Shipboard hydrographic surveys 2.5 months later suggest that Noah weakened and was in a hypothesized spin-down phase of its life cycle. Although the initial surface expression of Noah was limited in scale to 40 km in diameter and, as evidenced by surface temperatures, 2–3 °C cooler than the surrounding waters, depth profiles revealed a fully developed semi-elliptical shallow feature (200 m), 144 km long and 90 km wide (based on sigma-t=23 kg m⁻³) with tangential speeds of 40–80 cm s⁻¹, and substantial isopycnal doming. Potential vorticity distribution of Noah suggests that radial horizontal flow of the core water was inhibited from the surface to depths of 75 m, with high vorticity confined above the sigma-t=23.5 kg m⁻³ isopycnal surface. Upward displacements of isopycnal surfaces in the eddy's center (50 m) were congruent with enhanced pigment concentrations (0.50 mg m⁻³). Comparisons of the results obtained for E-Flux I (Noah) and E-Flux III (Opal) suggest that translation characteristics of cyclonic Hawaiian lee eddies may be important in establishing the biogeochemical and biological responses of the oligotrophic ocean to cyclonic eddies.     

Geochronology and stable isotope signature of alteration related to hydrothermal magnetite ores in Central Anatolia,Turkey

Hydrothermal iron ores at Divri?i, east Central Anatolia, are contained in two orebodies, the magnetite-rich A-kafa and the limonitic B-kafa (resources of 133.8 Mt with 56% Fe and 0.5% Cu). The magnetite ores are hosted in serpentinites of the Divri?i ophiolite at the contact with plutons of the Murmano complex. Hydrothermal biotite from the Divri?i A-kafa yield identical weighted mean plateau ages of 73.75?±?0.62 and 74.34?±?0.83 Ma (2σ). This biotite represents a late alteration phase, and its age is a minimum age for the magnetite ore. Similar magnetite ores occur at Hasançelebi and Karakuz, south of Divri?i. There, the iron ores are hosted in volcanic or subvolcanic rocks, respectively, and are associated with a voluminous scapolite ± amphibole ± biotite alteration. At Hasançelebi, biotite is intergrown with parts of the magnetite, and both minerals formed coevally. The weighted mean plateau ages of hydrothermal biotite of 73.43?±?0.41 and 74.92?±?0.39 Ma (2σ), therefore, represent mineralization ages. Hydrothermal biotite from a vein cutting the scapolitized host rocks south of the Hasançelebi prospect has a weighted mean plateau age of 73.12?±?0.75 Ma (2σ). This age, together with the two biotite ages from the Hasançelebi ores, constrains the minimum age of the volcanic host rocks, syenitic porphyry dikes therein, and the scapolite alteration affecting both rock types. Pyrite and calcite also represent late hydrothermal stages in all of these magnetite deposits. The sulfur isotope composition of pyrite between 11.5 and 17.4‰ δ³⁴S_(VCDT) points towards a non-magmatic sulfur source of probably evaporitic origin. Calcite from the Divri?i deposit has δ¹⁸O_(VSMOV) values between +15.1 and +26.5‰ and δ¹³C_(VPDB) values between ?2.5 and +2.0‰, which are compatible with an involvement of modified marine evaporitic fluids during the late hydrothermal stages, assuming calcite formation temperatures of about 300°C. The presence of evaporite-derived brines also during the early stages is corroborated by the pre-magnetite scapolite alteration at Divri?i, and Hasançelebi-Karakuz, and with paleogeographic and paleoclimatic reconstructions. The data are compatible with a previously proposed genetic model for the Divri?i deposit in which hydrothermal fluids leach and redistribute iron from ophiolitic rocks concomitant with the cooling of the nearby plutons.     

Oracle9i空间分析的研究

介绍了Oracle9i中关于空间数据模型、空间数据索引机制以及空间分析函数,结合MapX比较了二者在执行空间分析方面的性能差异,为从事基于Oracle9i的GIS应用开发者提供了技术参考.     

EXPRESSING “LOCAL CULTURE” IN HAWAI'I*

ABSTRACT. Detached from the mainland and with a distinct historical ethnic geography, the conquered kingdom of Hawai'i, now the fiftieth state, is the only U.S. state with an Asian and Pacific Islander majority as well as the highest percentage of racial and ethnic intermarriage. Hawai'i's population reflects the tensions between the culturally pluralistic “spirit of aloha” and the ethnic‐cum‐social stratification that has evolved from its historical economic geographies. In this article I focus on one of these strata—what is referred to as “local” culture—discussing its ethnogenesis and contemporary manifestations, and I apply Jonathan Okamura's 1981 model of situational ethnicity to examine how locals and new immigrants negotiate the ethnic dynamics and social expectations of their daily lives. I also discuss various ways in which “localness” is represented on O'ahu's economic landscape, with an analysis of the Aloha Stadium Swap Meet, as a holistic expression of local culture.     

基于Oracle 9i和ArcSDE的城市基础地理数据库配置研究

在城市地理信息系统中，数据库是其核心组成部分，而数据库的配置是否合理则又直接影响到数据库建成后的性能及应用。本文以赣州市基础地理数据库为例探讨基于Oracle9i和ArcSDE的城市基础地理数据库配置问题。     

高分辨率SAR图像中建筑物特征融合检测算法

针对高分辨率SAR图像中的建筑物检测问题,提出了一种基于视觉注意和特征融合的检测算法。首先,根据SAR图像中建筑物目标与背景存在较大差异的特点,采用视觉注意机制进行建筑物的感兴趣区分割;然后,提取位于感兴趣区域内的高亮线条和阴影区域;最后,采用D-S证据理论对注意焦点、高亮线条和阴影区域进行特征融合,实现建筑物目标的检测。实验结果表明,本文算法对矩形建筑物具有较高的检测精度。     

闽粤台琼海岸大震构造的定量标志：兼论定性标志

本文论述闽粤台琼海岸大震区的莫霍面隆起幅度、第四纪抬升幅度和晚全新世海岸抬升幅度为主的大震构造的定量标志,以及某些定性标志。另外,对地表隆起带的定量标志研究方法作了简要地叙述。我国台湾是世界著名的新构造带和大震区.福建、广东和海南各有一个海岸大震区。这些大震区海岸必然遗留下许多地壳活动的遗迹。其中海岸活动遗迹,由于海平面作标志面,则可确定某一个时期的海岸升降幅度,甚至正反向的升降周期和升降速率。     

闽西北大金山组地层的原岩恢复

闽西北“大金山组”地层属早－中元古代。在加里东变质作用期间普遍遭受了不同程度的区域变质作用，形成了各种变质岩。本文通过岩石化学研究恢复大金山组地层的原岩后，认为该地层中的副变质岩的原岩属于陆源浅海沉积碎屑岩；其中的角闪岩的原岩是生成于大陆岛弧或大陆板块边缘构造环境中的钙碱性玄武岩。     

What happens after climate change adaptation projects end: A community-based approach to ex-post assessment of adaptation projects

Over the last decade, hundreds of climate change adaptation projects have been funded and implemented. Despite the importance of these first-generation adaptation projects for establishing funders and implementors’ “best practices,” very little is known about how early adaptation projects have endured, to what ends, and for whom. In this article, I propose a community-based methodology for ex-post assessment of climate change adaptation projects. This methodology contributes to recognitional justice by asking the individuals and collectives tasked with sustaining adaptation initiatives to define adaptation success and what criteria for success should be assessed. I apply this subjective assessment approach in 10 communities across Ecuador that participated in an internationally funded adaptation project that concluded in 2015. My analysis draws together participatory mapping, walking interviews with local leaders, participant observation, and surveys with former project participants. The results highlight that even adaptation projects that were deemed highly successful at their closure have uncertain futures. I find that the sustainability mechanisms that were envisioned by project implementors have not functioned, and communities are shouldering the burden of reviving failing adaptation interventions. These findings highlight that the current model of episodic funding for climate change adaptation projects and evaluation processes needs to be revisited to acknowledge the long-term challenges faced by communities. This analysis also calls attention to the importance of ex-post assessment for adaptation projects and the potential of subjective assessment approaches for building more ontological and epistemological pluralism in understandings of successful climate change adaptation.     

The impact of the Sustainable Development Goals on a network of 276 international organizations

Global sustainability governance is marked by a highly fragmented system of distinct clusters of international organizations, along with states and other actors. Enhancing inter-organizational coordination and cooperation is thus often recognized as an important reform challenge in global sustainability governance. The 17 Sustainable Development Goals, agreed by the United Nations in 2015, thus explicitly aim at advancing policy coherence and institutional integration among the myriad international institutions. Yet, have these goals been effective in this regard? We assess here the impact of the Sustainable Development Goals on the network structure of 276 international organizations in the period 2012–2019, that is, four years before and four years after the launch of the Sustainable Development Goals. The network structure was approximated by analyzing data from the websites of these 276 international organizations that were joined by more than 1.5 million hyperlinks, which we collected using a custom-made web crawler. Our findings are contrary to what is widely expected from the Sustainable Development Goals: we find that fragmentation has in fact increased after the Sustainable Development Goals came into effect. In addition, silos are increasing around the 17 SDGs as well as around the social, economic, and environmental dimensions of sustainable development.