Kāhuli: Uncovering Indigenous Ecological Knowledge to Conserve Endangered Hawaiian Land Snails

Indigenous knowledge is a multilayered knowledge system that can inform contemporary management in both natural observations and cultural value. Centuries old observations preserved within song, chant, and story has been globally recognized as a resource to integrate with conservation efforts for endangered species. In the case of the endemic land snails, kāhuli, of the Hawaiian archipelago, there is a prominent cultural presence preserved in oral tradition and written records in 19th and early 20th century’s Hawaiian language newspapers. As we witness the dramatic decimation of one of the greatest models of species radiation, the unveiling of the repositories of indigenous knowledge is crucial for conservation of these endemic land snails. This paper reports on indigenous knowledge that informs about the cultural significance (i.e., poetic device, metaphorical role, importance to hula) and ecology of kāhuli, and how indigenous knowledge can contribute to conservation efforts of rare and endangered species.     

中国碳总量控制新进展：省域碳配额分配研究综述

为加快碳达峰、碳中和进程,中国正探索碳总量控制制度,而省域碳配额分配是落实总量控制目标的重要抓手。从分配准则、分配方法和分配结果3个环节对关于中国省域碳配额分配的研究开展综述。结果表明,兼顾公平和效率原则是各方研究共识,但对于公平原则的解读和测度尚存争议。指标法和优化法在省域碳配额分配中被广泛采用,前者能兼顾多方利益,后者能提升分配效率;混合法因具备多方法优势而具有较大发展潜力;博弈法因缺乏透明度而较为罕见。既有分配结果对各省分配的减排责任与各省实情间尚有差距,并仅关注某一特定年份当期或者某一时间区间内累计的碳配额分配,缺乏对逐年碳配额分配的关注。建议后续研究进一步关注兼顾公平与效率、考虑区域异质性与消费端排放责任、采用多方法组合、兼容个案特殊性的跨期动态分配方法学的构建过程。     

台站插值技术对检测固体地球变化的影响分析

搜集了全球约4 000个GNSS测站实测数据(站坐标和速度场信息),对固体地球体积及其变化率进行计算分析。采用板块运动模型插值方法对台站进行插值,使全球测站分布更加均匀。利用Delaunay数学模型计算固体地球体积及其变化率的结果发现:基于板块运动模型进行台站插值可以有效地提高计算结果的误差精度,不会对地球最终形态变化结论产生影响,台站数量及其分布均匀程度对计算最终结果影响较大。     

Quantitative evaluation of the reservoir potential and controlling factors of semi-deep lacustrine tempestites in the Eocene Lijin Sag of the Bohai Bay Basin,East China

Ancient lacustrine storm-deposits that act as petroleum reservoirs are seldom reported. The Lijin Sag, which is located in the southeastern corner of the Bohai Bay Basin in East China, is a NE–SW trending Cenozoic half-graben basin. Some of its Eocene deposits (Bindong deposits) were interpreted as lacustrine tempestites. The Bindong tempestites, which developed in the lower part of the upper fourth member of the Shahejie Formation (Es4¹), constitute a new kind of petroleum reservoir and are novel petroleum exploration targets in the Bindong Area. However, the characteristics of the Es4¹ Bindong tempestite reservoirs and their controlling factors are poorly understood. Point-count analyses of thin sections, scanning electron microscope image analyses, X-ray diffractometry data, and the petrophysical parameters of the Bindong tempestite reservoirs were utilized to estimate the reservoir quality. The reservoirs have undergone significant diagenetic alteration, which can be divided into negative and positive aspects. The negative alteration includes compaction, authigenic minerals, and cementation such as carbonates, clay minerals and overgrowths of quartz and feldspar. The uneven distribution of carbonate cement increased the reservoir’s heterogeneity, with carbonate cement commonly precipitating along the sandstone-mudstone contacts. The primary porosity was severely reduced because of compaction and extensive carbonate cementation. Positive alteration includes dissolution, carbonate cementation, undercompaction and fractures. Carbonate cementation exhibited both positive and negative effects on the reservoir quality. Overall, the objective reservoir quality is quite poor. A quantitative evaluation of the reservoirs’ potential was conducted. The cutoff values of several of the reservoir’s parameters were calculated. The lower limits of the porosity and permeability are 8.35–5.85% and 1.2587–0.2753 × 10^–3 μm², respectively, depending on the depth. The upper limits of the carbonate and mud content are approximately 18.5% and 9–10%, respectively. A fundamental understanding of these characteristics will provide necessary information for extracting hydrocarbons from analogous subsurface reservoirs.     

一种基于 K-D 树优化的 ICP三维点云配准方法

为提高三维点云数据配准精度和速度,提出一种基于K-D树优化的ICP三维点云配准方法,首先采用中心重合法实现点云数据的粗配准,然后利用K-D tree快速搜索最近点对改进传统ICP方法,完成三维点云数据精配准,该方法克服传统ICP算法中由于利用欧式距离来判断最近点所引起的工作量大、耗费时间多的缺陷,提高点云的配准速度。在此基础上利用斯坦福不同密度Bunny点云数据进行实验验证,结果表明在采用中心重合法实现三维点云粗配准的基础上,利用K-D tree优化ICP算法,能够提高点云配准的精度、速度和稳定性。     

三维激光扫描技术在土石方量测量中的应用

简要介绍三维激光扫描仪的工作原理,测量土石方量的基本步骤及土石方量计算的基本原理。结合四川省大邑县出江镇矿堆测量实例,计算出土石方量。结果表明,相对于传统测量方法,三维激光扫描技术更具优势。     

地物空间关系匹配的高分辨率遥感影像检索

从低层视觉特征与地物空间关系特征对影像内容进行描述,建立检索模板与目标影像间的相似性直方图表达,提出一种适用于高分辨率遥感影像检索的新方法。首先,利用Quin+树将大幅面原始遥感影像分解为一系列同尺寸的序列子块;然后,分别提取各子块的低层视觉特征与地物关系特征,并以子块为基元构建候选子块的特征直方图;最后,对比检索模板与候选子块间的特征直方图相似性,实现高分辨率遥感影像的检索。使用多幅多源高分辨率遥感影像进行实验,结果表明本文方法对耕地、水系、建筑物等地类的检索精度大都维持在0.8以上,且各项检索性能指标均优于已有的两种遥感图像检索算法。     

基于索引点的GPS异步环搜索算法

针对当前GPS数据处理软件不能全面检查GPS异步环的问题,该文提出了基于数理统计原理的搜索GPS异步环点索引算法。该算法利用数理统计的方法,通过GPS测站点在不同时段的重复情况,利用重复点作为异步环搜索的起始点,利用树形搜索的方法判断重复点之间能否构成异步环,在此基础上从GPS基线向量中抓取基线组成异步环,解决了异步环检查存在遗漏的问题,可以快速、无遗漏地搜索出所有异步环。该算法基于沈阳市GPS网实例数据计算结果表明:点索引算法可以全面快速地搜索出GPS三边异步环,解算GPS基线粗差,并且评估GPS基线解算精度。     

一种最小生成树的自动纹理映射方法

针对实拍像片的纹理映射是复杂模型三维重建的关键,由于缺乏稳定而实用的二维影像与三维模型自动配准方法的问题,该文提出了一种基于最小生成树的自动纹理映射方法,实现二维影像与三维模型之间的自动配准。该方法首先建立实拍纹理影像之间的相邻关系图;然后对相邻影像进行匹配得到它们的同名像点,通过计算同名像点的惯性矩来衡量相邻影像的相邻度并把惯性矩作为图边的权;再建立最小生成树;最后层序遍历生成树依次获得当前影像,根据当前影像与其父影像的同名像点及父影像与三维模型的配准关系推导当前影像与模型的配准关系,实现自动映射。实验证明,该方法能够在保证精度的同时提高纹理映射的效率。     

有向拓扑的河系渐变自动绘制算法

河系渐变绘制是地图制图中水系要素表达的重要方面。针对全自动河系渐变研究较少的现状,该文提出一种基于树状约束stroke特征的河系渐变自动绘制算法。该方法在深入分析有向拓扑的数据结构基础上,重点解决河口模式识别、树状约束stroke特征构建、河系层次关系建立、主支流分级渐变等问题,实现全自动河系渐变,并进行实践测试。结果表明,该算法在地图制图过程中无须对河系河源、河口识别、河系分层和河系渐变进行人工干预,自动化程度高,大幅度提升制图效率,渐变效果优于人工绘制效果。