The identification and criteria of short-term seismicity gap before a great earthquake

ＴｈｅｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｃｒｉｔｅｒｉａｏｆｓｈｏｒｔｔｅｒｍｓｅｉｓｍｉｃｉｔｙｇａｐｂｅｆｏｒｅａｇｒｅａｔｅａｒｔｈｑｕａｋｅＪＩＮＧＱＵＡＮＣＡＯ（曹井泉）ＪＩＡＬＩＮＳＵＮ（孙加林）ＹＩＹＡＮＧ（杨毅）Ｓｅｉｓｍｏｌ...     

结构参数未知条件下的地震动反演研究

本文运用复合反演的观点研究结构参数未知条件下的地震动反演问题。根据地震作用的力学特性，将其具体化为估计输入的修正条件，文中给出了一类反演算法。理论分析及算例表明，该算法具有稳定的收敛特性以及良好的反演效果。     

震后预报的某些研究

通过研究华北北部中强以上地震震后地震活动，地形变、地电阻率、水化学和水位变化特征，给出了各单项方法识别震后效应与新地震异常的标志。为了综合判别震后短临异常变化是震后效应或新异常，研制了一套综合识别计算机程序系统，该系统考虑了已发生的强震序列类型，地震活动背景特征以及强震前后前兆短临异常变化形态，充分利用专家的知识与经验进行推理和判断。通过运行典型事例表明该系统功能较强，使用方便。系统的实现是专家系     

中国热带东,西部地区冬季气候的差异与橡胶树的引种

由于青藏高原的动力影响，使得西部地区冬季出现下沉气流，多日照，利于橡胶树的越冬，而东部则出现上升气流，少日照，不利越冬，又由于青藏高原大山体，冬季明显地阻挡低层空气平流，导致高原南侧的西部地区冬季降温和缓，有利橡胶树越冬，而东部地区因无高大山体阻挡，寒潮初期降温剧烈，后期低温阴雨天气持续甚久，易导致橡胶树的严重寒害。     

Phase-array decomposition of a seismic section

A seismic re fraction/wide-angle reflection profile is analysed for the presence of correlated events ('phases'). The correlation problem is formulated in terms of temporally, spatially and frequency-local complex covariances. For robustness, the method concentrates on phase rather than amplitude information. This allows a computationally efficient algorithm that can make allowance for signal correlation length and can model curved wavefronts. A statistical test based on residual phase misfit across the analysed subarray is used to assess the probability that a detected event represents a real correlated signal.
With our chosen analysis parameters and confidence level (over 99.9 per cent). 1222 events were detected in the data. Using simple techniques based on 1-D earth models, detected events are associated with a small number of particular wave types. In this way, we have succeeded in classifying almost 95 per cent of the detected events. Those that remain describe those components of the data that are inconsistent with our simple ray paths in the 1-D assumption and with our prescribed tolerance. These include reverberations, near-surface guided waves and reflected waves from strongly laterally inhomogeneous structures. According to our modelling, about 25 per cent of the detected events are consistent with simple P -wave reflected energy, and these are to a very large extent (over 85 per cent) distinct from all the other wave-type models we have used. A direct mapping of the detected events into the offset-depth domain reveals dear internal and external consistencies among the detections for the various wave types. Estimated earth structure is consistent with models from previous analyses based on much larger data sets.
We have thus succeeded in extracting correlated events from the data and decomposing these, approximately but meaningfully, into distinct classes (ray paths)     

Amelioration of soil fertility by woody perennials in cropping fields: evaluation of three tree species in the semi-arid zone of Nigeria

Soil was sampled from cropping fields in radial patterns from beneathAcacia albida, Parkia bigloboza(Jacq.) Benth. andEucalyptus camaldulensisDehnh. near Zaria, Nigeria. Results of analysis show a significant coarsening of soil texture and a decrease in organic matter and cation exchange capacity with increasing distance from all three tree species at a depth of 0–15 cm. Concentrations of nitrogen and some exchangeable cations decreased significantly with increasing distance from beneath acacia and parkia, and soil pH decreased with increasing distance from eucalyptus. The implication of the results for land management are discussed in relation to increasing productivity and soil use sustainability.     

分离的大陆板块边缘镁铁－超镁铁岩系Th／Hf—Ta／Hf判别

本文在论述了Ｔｈ／Ｈｆ－Ｔａ／Ｈｆ关系判别岩浆岩源区大地构造环境机理的基础上，根据世界上典型大地构造环境区岩浆岩系的Ｔｈ、Ｔａ、Ｈｆ特征，提出了分离的大陆板块边缘镁铁－超镁铁岩的Ｔｈ／Ｈｆ—Ｔａ／Ｈｆ判别标志：Ｔｈ／Ｔａ＝１．８～４．０，Ｔａ／Ｈｆ＞０．１。     

三种锰硅酸盐矿物的鉴别及其研究意义

蜡硅锰矿，粒硅锰矿，鉴别，研究意义     

多波资料综合解释方法研究的若干进展

本文较系统地总结了多波层位识别的主要原则和方法；提出了利用井中纵、横波速度求取地层密度、孔隙度的改进方法；研制了以小波分解与重建为基础的沿层分频处理法和高分辨剖面重建方法，提高了薄层识别的横向和纵向分辨率；发展了精度高、误差小计算薄层速度的补层加权法；介绍了各向异性介质参数反演的遗传算法，走时法以及Ｐ－ＳＶ波ＡＶＯ分析等方法；建立了多波解释系统的总体框架。所提方法的有效性和正确性均经过实际地震记录和数值模拟计算的检验，对丰富多波地震资料的解释理论，形成多波解释系统，扩大应用领域，提高应用效果具有重要参考意义。     

隧道开挖模拟计算中的模型识别方法初探

介绍了利用隧道施工的位移量测信息来选择计算模型的原理和方法。应用实例表明，本文所提出的方法有较好的应用前景。