Determination of thermal maturity and organic matter type by principal components analysis of the distributions of polycyclic aromatic compounds

The thermal maturity and organofacies sensitivity of polycyclic aromatic compound (PAC) distributions was explored by examination of the aromatic fractions of solvent extracts from a diverse set of 53 shales, coals and kerogen macerals which have undergone either natural or artificial maturation and which represent all three principal sedimentary organic matter (OM) types. Systematic changes with maturation were observed in the following groups of isomers: tri- and tetramethylnaphthalenes, methyl- and dimethylphenanthrenes, methyl- and dimethyldibenzothiophenes, methylpyrenes, and methylchrysenes. The maturity differences were quantified by mathematical ratios of the relative concentrations of the more thermally stable isomers to the less stable, on the basis of theoretical considerations and empirical observations. The PAC maturity parameters, unlike those derived from saturated biomarker stereoisomers, are typically effective across the entire oil generation window. To compensate for the effects of OM type on the maturity parameters, they were combined using principal components analysis. The resulting first principal component was in good agreement with independent indicators of maturity. The relative distributions of C₀–C₃ alkylphenanthrenes, dibenzothiophene, methyldibenzothiophenes and methyldibenzofurans were evaluated by a separate principal components analysis. The results permitted an independent grouping of the samples by OM type and suggested additional, simple molecular ratios that allow graphical recognition of OM type, including the ratio of dibenzothiophenes to dibenzofurans and a ratio using C₂-alkylphenanthrene isomers.     

长江中下游地区硫铁矿成矿规律及前景探讨

长江中下游地区是我国重要的硫铁矿产地之一 ,已探明的 47个矿床主要集中分布在宁芜、庐枞、铜陵、宁镇等 7个成矿区内。主要矿床可划分为 4种成矿类型 ,即陆相火山型、夕卡岩型、斑岩型及热液型。通过对硫铁矿成矿地质条件分析认为 ,陆相火山型、夕卡岩型硫铁矿床成矿规模大、分布集中 ,为今后找矿的主攻类型。在铜陵、宁芜、庐枞 3个成矿区可分别圈定出找矿有利地段。     

迎接新世纪铀矿地质科研的新任务

文章分析了即将到来的新世纪铀矿地质科研面临的新形势,提出其指导思想应为地质总局主攻可地浸砂岩型铀矿的总方针服务,其具体任务是：加强可地浸砂岩型铀矿的平价和靶区优选研究;开发可地浸砂岩到铀矿勘查的新技术和新方法;把成矿模式攻矿床模式发展为找矿模式;加强铀矿经济地质和铀资源动态评系统研究并建立中新生代盆地和砂岩型铀矿数据库。该工业北京地质研究院作为铀矿地质科研的排头兵,为保障新世纪铀矿地质科研任务的完     

新疆布尔津盆地砂岩型铀矿成矿水文地质条件初探

本文在简要介绍布尔津盆地地下水赋存条件与分布的基础上,论述了该盆地的构造－水文地质层特征,进而着重阐明区内地下水初、径、排等水动力条件以及水文地球化学特征,总结有利的铀矿成水文地质条件。     

地磁低点位移异常类型特征与地震活动

通过对大量的地磁低点位移异常震例研究,结果表明: ① 地磁低点位移异常的形态、空间展布有明显的地区特征。异常大致可分为: 大范围异常和区域性异常二大类, 还可细分为 5个类型 ; ② 地磁低点位移异常与我国的地质活动构造有较密切的联系。 异常范围的大小、形态与异常所在地区的活动构造的规模、展布形态特征,以及这一地区即将发生的地震强度有关。     

滇西上芒岗红色粘土型金矿成冈研究

上芒岗金矿是滇西地区具代表性的红色粘土型金矿。依据堆积特征、矿物组合和化学成分,可将红色粘土剖面分为６个带,即表土带、坡积带、钙 －沼当带、残积带、腐泥岩带和基岩带。其中,腐泥岩带为岩溶坍塌成因,残积带由岩溶残积形成,钙２结－沼泽带和坡积带为地表水流搬运堆积。矿床成因为在中晚燕山其形成的原生卡林型金矿化基础上,经第三纪上新世的岩深、残积和坡积作用的预富集,由不彻底的红土化作用使金以硫代硫酸盐络合物     

The Salamón gold deposit (León, Spain)

Located 55 km NE of the provincial capital León, Salamón deposit, discovered in 1985, is located on the southern slope of the Cantabrian Mountains, in the north of the Iberian Peninsula. The deposit is located on the León fault, which is a late-Variscan, E–W trending, deep structure extending for more than 100 km. The León fault has a complex history, and many mines and occurrences are located near it. The deposit is also close to small stocks and dykes of igneous rocks with intermediate to basic composition to which the mineralisation is related. The mineralisation is hosted mainly by the limestones and bituminous shales of the Lena Group (Namurian–Westphalian). There is also some mineralisation in other stratigraphic units of the Upper Carboniferous, such as the Maraña Group or the Stephanian B sediments.Apart from local and regional exploration, a detailed mineralogical and metallogenic research has been carried out. The epithermal mineralisation of Salamón was developed in two phases: an early dominant and extensive stage, with very fine crystalline gold-bearing sulphides, mainly pyrite, arsenic-bearing pyrite and arsenopyrite, in a matrix of quartz–chalcedony (jasperoid) and dolomite, and a later stage, of a larger crystal size, which occurs replacing the early stage or in pockets and veins, with greater mineralogical variety. Last of all there is a stage of supergene mineralisation, a product of the oxidant action of meteoric waters over the previous minerals. The hydrothermal alterations of the host rocks related to the orebodies are fundamentally decarbonatisation–dolomitisation, silicification and argillitisation. The early stages of mineralisation were produced in a temperature of 148–241°C, while that in the later stages occurred at 86–123°C. The early stage has been dated as 269±5 Ma, and this agrees with the ages of the other deposits of the district, which lay between 292 and 263 Ma, and the igneous rocks of the Peña Prieta stock (277±1 Ma), all which are of Permian age.The results of the studies carried out until now lead to the conclusion that Salamón is a Carlin-type gold deposit.     

赣南陂头A型花岗岩的地质地球化学特征及其形成的构造环境

赣南陂头岩体主要钾长花岗岩组成,岩石为准铝质（ＡＮＫＣ＝０．９４～１．０７,平均０．９８）,富硅（ＳｉＯ２：７１．０６％～７６．２８％）,富碱（Ｎａ２Ｏ＋Ｋ２Ｏ：８．１％～９．８％）,ＦｅＯ＾Ｔ／ＭｇＯ（％）较高（９．６０～２２．００）,ＣａＯ和ＭｇＯ含量低（分别为０．５８％～１．１６％和０．０７％～０．２５％）,富含稀土元素（∑ＲＥＥ＝２７１．３６～７１７．７５μｇ／ｇ）和高场强元素（Ｙ、Ｚｒ、     

关于蓟县型中、上元古界沉积环境及内蒙地轴的性质

内蒙地轴和燕辽坳都是华北地台北缘的二级大地构单元,本文在对蓟县型中、上元古界沉积环境和对内蒙地轴演化历史的初步研究基础上,认为蓟县型中、上元古界沉积盆地于长城－蓟县期,在北部与广海相连,属于陆表海发展,在青白口期,由于北部逐渐抬升,该沉积盆地才具有陆内盆地性质,内蒙地轴在长城－蓟县期总体处于水下环境,青白口爰开始抬升为古陆,其大规模抬升可能是在古生代或更晚。     

荧光有机组分指数与烃源岩生烃性能研究

荧光有机组分是各类低熟-成熟烃源岩的重要的有机显微组分。本文在研究吐哈与准噶尔盆地早中侏罗世烃源岩时,提出荧光有机组分指数概念。它作为主要生烃指标之一,并配合其他有机岩石学参数,在评价低熟-成熟烃源岩有机质类型、丰度等方面均取得了良好效果。