塔里木沙漠石油公路沿线沙丘移动规律

通过对肖塘南2km试验路段100m×100m沙丘移动监测区1991年10月、1992年10月及1993年10月的3次详测,总体上可以认为,沙丘各几何形态参数间存在着较好的相关性。但限于沙源供应不足,沙丘发育具有不成熟性,从而使有些沙丘几何形态参数间不存在理论上应具有的相关性。沙丘高度与宽度有较好的线性正相关关系,与底面积及体积存在较好的指数正相关关系。从而可以认为,沙丘高度是反映沙丘形成、规模及发育程度的较好示量指征。沙丘移动方向随主风向的改变而改变,并与落沙坡方向有明显的不一致性。沙丘移动强度与高度、底面积成线性负相关关系,而与体积成指数负相关关系。在不同时期,上述关系可用相似的多元线性方程表示。沙丘前移过程中,沙丘形态既有由不成熟到成熟的正向演变又有由成熟向不成熟的逆向演变过程。     

Issues in Energy Economics Led by Emerging Linkages between the Natural Gas and Power Sectors

Fuel prices in 2006 continued at record levels, with uranium continuing upward unabated and coal, SO₂ emission allowances, and natural gas all softening. This softening did not continue for natural gas, however, whose prices rose, fell and rose again, first following weather influences and, by the second quarter of 2007, continuing at high levels without any support from fundamentals. This article reviews these trends and describes the remarkable increases in fuel expenses for power generation. By the end of 2005, natural gas claimed 55% of annual power sector fuel expenses, even though it was used for only 19% of electric generation. Although natural gas is enormously important to the power sector, the sector also is an important driver of the natural gas market—growing to over 28% of the market even as total use has declined. The article proceeds to discuss globalization, natural gas price risk, and technology developments. Forces of globalization are poised to affect the energy markets in new ways—new in not being only about oil. Of particular interest in the growth of intermodal traffic and its a little-understood impacts on rail traffic patterns and transportation costs, and expected rapidly expanding LNG imports toward the end of the decade. Two aspects of natural gas price risk are discussed: how understanding the use of gas in the power sector helps define price ceilings and floors for natural gas, and how the recent increase in the natural gas production after years of record drilling could alter the supply–demand balance for the better. The article cautions, however, that escalation in natural gas finding and development costs is countering the more positive developments that emerged during 2006. Regarding technology, the exploitation of unconventional natural gas was one highlight. So too was the queuing up of coal-fired power plants for the post-2010 period, a phenomenon that has come under great pressure with many consequences including increased pressures in the natural gas market. The most significant illustration of these forces was the early 2007 suspension of development plans by a large power company, well before the Supreme Court’s ruling on CO₂ as a tailpipe pollutant and President Bush’s call for global goals on CO₂ emissions.

长江河口水下沙洲类型及典型水下沙洲的推移规律

对长江河口水下沙洲的类型及其演变规律进行了研究,把水下沙洲分为 4 种基本类型：节点型沙洲、弯道型沙洲、涨落潮流分异型沙洲、分汊口型沙洲。并研究了河口区若干典型沙洲在最近 20 a 的推移规律和冲淤状况,对沙洲冲淤量进行了计算,结果表明河口水下沙洲冲淤频繁, 1991 年后仅上、下新浏河沙 5 m 等深线内沙体每年冲淤量达 1.5×106 t,尤其是 1998 年大洪水导致上新浏河沙被冲失近 1/3 。     

长江口及其邻近海域营养盐的分布特征和输送途径

根据黄海、东海的最新现场调查资料,探讨了长江口及其邻近海域营养盐分布特征与输送途径.调查结果表明,在长江口以东及其东北部海域终年存在一个范围很大的营养盐高值区.分析表明,这些营养盐主要来自长江冲淡水的扩展及苏北沿岸流的输送.此外,还获得了1998年长江流域特大洪水期间,迄今被观测到的长江冲淡水中营养盐的最大扩展范围.     

滆湖磷迁移过程的研究（一）──磷迁移腜偷慕

通过滆湖磷的来源途径（入湖河道、湖区径流、湖面沉降、养殖技饵、底泥释放）和湖体各要素（水体、浮游植物、大型水生植物、鱼类等）中磷迁移过程调查资料的分析，建立了描述磷在上述各要素中迁移过程的数学模型．经实测资料验证，模型的计算值与实测值的平均相对误差在9．9％－18．6％．基本反映了磷的迁移过程及动态变化规律，对该湖磷浓度预测及磷资源合理利用具有重要的意义．     

澜沧江下游地区水陆交通建设与综合运输网络研究

通过对澜沧江下游地区交通发展现状、存在问题、国际交通经济运量及运输物资构成的全面分析,认为澜沧江下游作为重要的水电、旅游、森林、热作资源开发基地和大西南走向东南亚的战略通道,在下世纪初,其交通运输发展问题必须从国家地缘战略的高度加以优先考虑。论证了以加强水陆交通对接建设为重点的综合运输网的发展方向和战略重点,提出了促进交通建设的对策和建议。     

Relationships between atmospheric circulation patterns and co2 greenhouse-gas concentration levels in the alpine troposphere

Middle tropospheric CO₂ air concentrations, measured during a four year observation period at an Alpine Station (Plateau Rosa, Italian North-West Alps, 3480 m a.s.l.), have been correlated with the relevant synoptic air trajectories crossing the observation site. Meaningful relationships have been found among average curvature, altitude and potential temperature of clusters of homogeneous trajectories and their related CO₂ concentrations measured at Plateau Rosà, allowing an objective identification of weather conditions giving rise to fully mixed air masses corresponding to background atmospheric CO₂ levels. Air trajectories were calculated by using the wind speed fields provided by the ECMWF objective analysis. As during the analysis period a change of the ECMWF model resolution occurred (from T106 to T213), the study was also carried out in the sub-periods respectively preceding and following this change (in September 1991). Even if some features of the wind field turned out to be statistically different in the two sub-periods, nevertheless the differences on the trajectory patterns were small enough to keep almost unchanged all conclusions drawn for the whole four-year period.     

南黄海辐射状沙脊成因的沉积动力学研究

自南黄海辐射状沙脊被发现，尤其是江苏省海岸带和海涂资源综合调查揭示了其全貌，并同时测得辐射状沙脊区存在辐射状潮流场(任美愕，1986)以来，对南黄海辐射状沙脊的成因，主要包括其形成的水动力条件、物质来源、形成机理与形成过程等，本领域学术界一直存在争论1)(李从先等，1979；任美锷，1986；李成治等，1981；周长振等，1981；万延森，1982；刘振夏，1983；刘振夏等，1983，1995；耿秀山等，1983；夏东兴等，1984；夏综万等，1984；杨长恕，1985；黄易畅等，1987；张光威，1991；赵松龄，1991；朱大奎等，1993；杨治家等，1995；朱玉荣等，1995，1997；张东生等，1996；李从先等，1997)。 南黄海辐射状沙脊的形成机理及形成过程是与其形成的水动力条件、物质来源紧密联系在一起的。持该区的辐射状潮流场是受海底地形与(或)局部弶港海湾形态控制而形成观点的学者，多认为辐射状潮流场形成的同时或之后会反作用于海底地形，逐渐将海底地形改造成辐射状沙脊1)(任美锷，1986；李成治等，1981；万延森，1982；张光威，1991)，并且认为辐射状沙脊的形成需要几千年的时间1)，或是一个历史过程(李成治等，1981)，或经过最近一百多年的改造而形成(万延森，1982)，或形成于距今4000年前以来(张光威，1991)。这种观点的本质在于认为辐射状沙脊的辐射状形态是由海底地形的初始辐射状形态决定的，辐射状潮流场的作用在于使具初始辐射状形态的海底地形的辐射状形式更好，即认为辐射状潮流场对辐射状沙脊辐射状形态的形成不起决定作用。认为辐射状潮流场是由东海传入黄海的前进潮波与山东半岛南部的旋转潮波相交汇而形成，并且认为辐射状潮流场有可能自全新世海侵影响本区，或自7000年前以来就一直存在(对古海岸时辐射状潮流场存在的认识只是推测，尚缺乏证据)的学者，多认为辐射状沙脊的辐射状形态是由该区潮流场的辐射状形态决定的(周长振等，1981；刘振夏,1983；夏综万等,1984；杨长恕,1985；黄易畅等，1987；朱大奎等,1993；朱玉荣等，1995，1997),即认为辐射状潮流场对辐射状沙脊的辐射状形态起决定作用。这两种观点根本对立。     

青岛形成新亚欧陆桥桥头堡的展望兼论形成集装箱运输枢纽港

分析了青岛优越的港湾条件，独特的地理位置和良好的国际环境，进一步论证了青岛港在形成集装箱的国际过境运输和转口运输中心的优势，认为青岛港将形成集装箱运输的枢纽中心。